According to experts at the GAO workshop, federal land and water resources are vulnerable to a wide range of effects from climate change, some of which are already occurring. These effects include...1. physical effects such as droughts, floods, glacial melting, and sea level rise; 2. biological effects, such as increases in insect and disease infestations, shifts in species distribution, and changes in the timing of natural events; and 3. economic and social effects, such as adverse impacts on tourism, infrastructure, fishing, and other resources uses. Experts also identified several challenges that resource managers face in addressing the observed and potential effects of climate change in their management and planning efforts. In particular, BLM, FS, FWS, NOAA, and NPS have not made climate change a priority and the agencies' strategic plans do not specifically address climate change.