CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY.

Article I. Logic.

1. Logic. 2. Formal and Material Logic. 3. Natural Logic. 4. Artificial Logic. 5. Logic as a Science. 6. As an Art 9

Article II. Three Acts of the Mind.

7. Three Acts. 8. Knowledge Representative. 9. Simple Apprehension, Idea. 10. Judgment. 11. Reasoning, Argument. 12. Oral Expression. 13. Term. 14. Proposition. 15. Syllogism 11

CHAPTER II. IDEAS — TERMS.

Article I. Ways of Classifying Our Ideas.

17. Abstract, Concrete. 18. Clear, Distinct, Complete, Comprehensive. 19. Singular, Particular, Collective, Universal 15

Article II. Classification of Universal Ideas.

20. Form. 21. Reflex Universal. 22. Species. 23. Important Observation. 24. Genus. 25. Difference. 26. Property. 27. Accident. 28. Heads of Predicables 17

Article III. Subordination of Genera.

29. The Same Form Generic and Specific. 30. Diagram. 31. Highest Genus, Lowest Species, Subaltern Genera 22

Article IV. Classification and Use of Terms.

32. Real and Logical Terms. 33. Univocal, Equivocal, Analogous Terms. 34. Univocal. 35. Equivocal. 36. Analogous. 37. Supposition or Use; Material, Logical, Real 23

CHAPTER III. JUDGMENTS AND PROPOSITIONS.

Article I. Definitions. Structure of Propositions.

38. Judgment. 39. Proposition. 40. Subject, Copula, Predicate. 41. Logical and Grammatical Predicate 27

Article II. Simple and Compound Propositions.

42. Simple. 43. Compound. 44. Various Constructions. 45. Categorical. 46. Conditional. 47. Conjunctive. 48. Disjunctive. 49. Remark 28

Article III. Immediate and Mediate Judgments.

50. All Judgments. 51. Immediate. 52. Mediate. 53. The Process 31

Article IV. Connection Between Subject and Predicate.

54. All Judgments. 55. A Priori. 56. A Posteriori. 57. No Synthetic a Priori 32

Article V. Extension and Comiprehension.

58. An Axiom. 59. Extension. 60. Comprehension. 61. Illustration 34

Article VI. Extension of Propositions. Quantity and Quality.

62. Extension. 63. The Subject. 64. Note. 65. The Predicate. 66. Universal Affirmative. 67. One Exception. 68. Universal Negative. 69. Particular Affirmative. 70. Particular Negative. 71. Two Laws. 72. Affirmative and Negative. 73. Negative Particle. 74. Quantity and Quality 36

Article VII. Related Propositions.

75. Three Relationships. 76. Conversion. 77. Equivalence. 78. Opposition. 79. Diagram 41

CHAPTER IV. REASONING — ARGUMENT.

Article I. The Syllogism.

80. Reasoning and Argument. 81. Styles of Argument. 82. The Syllogism. 83. Antecedent, Consequent, Premisses. 84. Consequence. 85. Axioms. 86. Analysis of Argument. 87. Middle and Extremes 45

Article II. Figures and Moods of the Syllogism.

88. Major, Minor, Middle. 89. First Figure. 90. Second Figure. 91. Third Figure. 92. Moods of the Syllogism 48

Article III. Laws of the Syllogism.

93. Scope of the Laws. 94. First Law: Three Terms. 95. Second Law: Extension of Extremes. 96, Third Law: Extension of Middle Term. 97. Fourth Law: Place of Middle Term. 98. Fifth Law: Affirmative Conclusion. 99. Sixth Law: Negative Conclusion. 100. Seventh Law : No Conclusion. 101. Eighth Law : No Conclusion. 102. Ninth Law: Particular Conclusion. 103. Caution 54

Article IV. Some Species of Syllogism.

104. Simple and Compound Syllogisms. 105. Conditional Syllogisms. 106. Conjunctive Syllogisms. 107. Disjunctive Syllogisms 61

Article V. Other Styles of Argument.

108. Argument Abbreviated. 109. Enthymeme. 110. Sorites. 111. Polysyllogism. 112. Epichirem. 113. Dilemma 64

CHAPTER V. TRUTH OF THE PREMISSES.

Article I. Formal and Material Logic.

114. The Form. 115. The Matter. 116. Value of the Conclusion 68

Article II. The Demonstration.

117. Two Kinds. 118. Direct. 119. Indirect. 120. Simple, Compound. 121. A Priori. 122. A Posteriori 70

Article III. Induction.

123. Deduction and Induction. 124. Complete Induction. 125. Incomplete Induction. 126. Example. 127. Analogy. 128. Caution 72

Article IV. Fallacies.

129. Fallacy. 130. Fetitio Principii. 131. Evading the Question. 132. Of the Accident. 133. A Dicto Simpliciter. 134. Of the Consequent. 135. Of the Cause. 136. Of the Question. 137. Of Reference. 138. Of Objections 77 Article I. Scientific Method. 139. Scientific Method. 140. Analysis and Synthesis. 82

Article II. Parts.

141. Parts: real and logical. 142. Real Parts: accidental, integral, essential. 143. Real Essential Parts: physical and metaphysical. 144. Physical Parts. 145. Metaphysical Parts. 146. Logical Parts 83

Article III. An Illustration.

147. Analysis. 148. Synthesis. 149. The Negative. 87

Article IV. Analytic Table.

150. Table. 151. Meaning of Table 90

Article V. Definition.

152. Kinds of Definition. 153. Essential Definition. 154. Some Rules for Definition 92

Article VI. Division.

155. Logical Division. 156. The Simple Rule 95

Article VII. Science.

157. Science. 158. Object of a Science. 159. Material and Formal Object. 160. Logical Character of a Science 97

Outline of Sciences 102

Explanation of Outline 103

Points for Practice 104

Index 107