Holy places are common to many religions beyond national or religious affiliation; they are meeting places within the same religion but also places of power and conflict. The notion of holy places was laboriously defined in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It means different things to different religions and faiths. The proposed volume thus presents examinations of diaries and reports, iconography and cartography, theological or liturgical meanings of places visited during pilgrimages. Moreover, the holy places are often very remote or inaccessible for reasons of international relations; there are still substitutes in the form of replicas or national shrines and their roles in the religious and political consciousness. It also considered how the control of the Holy Places cause conflicts, particularly between the States and the Middle East. The book that aims to embrace the long finally proposes topics for anthropological reflections on the Arab world and Judaism.