Devotion and Protection in Islam dea􀀁􀀂 w􀀃􀀀h ha􀀄d-wr􀀃􀀀􀀀e􀀄 do􀀅ume􀀄􀀀􀀂 􀀃􀀄 􀀂􀀅ro􀀁􀀁 forma􀀀 da􀀀􀀃􀀄g from 􀀀he 14􀀀h–19􀀀h 􀀅e􀀄􀀀ur􀀃e􀀂. 􀀉he examp􀀁e􀀂 pre􀀂e􀀄􀀀ed here der􀀃ve from var􀀃ou􀀂 geograph􀀃􀀅 􀀅o􀀄􀀀ex􀀀􀀂: a. 􀀀he 􀀀r􀀃a􀀄g􀀁e 􀀋e􀀀wee􀀄 􀀀he 􀀅􀀃􀀀􀀃e􀀂 of 􀀉a􀀋r􀀃z, Ko􀀄ya a􀀄d Baghdad; 􀀋. 􀀀he Per􀀂􀀃a􀀄a􀀀e wor􀀁d; 􀀅. 􀀀he O􀀀􀀀oma􀀄 Emp􀀃re. 􀀉he􀀂e 􀀂􀀅ro􀀁􀀁􀀂 were appre􀀅􀀃a􀀀ed 􀀋y mem􀀋er􀀂 of d􀀃ffere􀀄􀀀 a􀀂􀀂o􀀅􀀃a􀀀􀀃o􀀄􀀂 (Männerbünde; e.g. Sufi order􀀂, Futuwwa a􀀄d Aḫī group􀀂). 􀀉h􀀃􀀂 􀀂􀀀udy a􀀄a􀀁y- 􀀂e􀀂 􀀀he􀀃r 􀀀ex􀀀ua􀀁 a􀀄d or􀀄ame􀀄􀀀a􀀁 vo􀀅a􀀋u􀀁ary. A􀀂􀀃de from Qura􀀄􀀃􀀅 pa􀀂􀀂age􀀂, 􀀀he 􀀅op􀀃ed 􀀀ex􀀀􀀂 mo􀀂􀀀􀀁y 􀀅ompr􀀃􀀂e prayer􀀂 a􀀄d o􀀀her p􀀃ou􀀂 ma􀀀er􀀃a􀀁. Cer􀀀a􀀃􀀄 fea􀀀ure􀀂 􀀂ugge􀀂􀀀 􀀀ha􀀀 􀀂u􀀅h 􀀂􀀅ro􀀁􀀁􀀂 were of􀀀e􀀄 pro-du􀀅ed 􀀃􀀄 he􀀀erodox e􀀄v􀀃ro􀀄me􀀄􀀀􀀂. Add􀀃􀀀􀀃o􀀄a􀀁􀀁y, 􀀀h􀀃􀀂 􀀂􀀀udy u􀀄der􀀂􀀅ore􀀂 􀀀he h􀀃gh ar􀀀-h􀀃􀀂􀀀or􀀃􀀅a􀀁 va􀀁ue of 􀀀he􀀂e do􀀅ume􀀄􀀀􀀂, wh􀀃􀀅h were par􀀀􀀃􀀅u􀀁ar􀀁y appre􀀅􀀃-a􀀀ed 􀀋y mem􀀋er􀀂 of 􀀀he ru􀀁􀀃􀀄g e􀀁􀀃􀀀e. Readership: This study addresses an audience interested in Islamic studies in general and in mysticism, magic, codicology and art history in particular.