Translation
- Assessment of the amount of translated texts
- Translation and interpretation
- - Translation documents
- Translation theories
- - Practical / communicative approach
- - Approaches of literary theories
- - Sociolinguistic mainstream
- - Approaches based on linguistic theories
- - Approaches based on philosophical and hermeneutic concepts
- - Semiotic approaches
- The translation process
- Types of translations
- - Technical translation
- Schools of thought
- Difficulties associated with specialized domains
- The problem of double translation
- Thoughts about translation
- European standard for translation services
- Beautiful infidels
- Self-translation
- - Types of self-translation
- - Factors that promote self-translation
- - Self-translation and not authorial translation
- Technical translation
- - Terminology
- - Translation process
- - Translation tools
- - The technical translator
- - - Status
- - - Remuneration
- Conference interpreting
- - Methods of interpretation
- - Skills of the interpreter
- - Contexts and working languages
- - The interpretation in international institutions
- - - UNESCO
- - - European Union
Internationalization and localization
- Example
- Internationalization and localization
- Challenges
- Software localization
- - Difficulties
- - Composing specifications
- - Special tools
Computer-assisted translation
- Translation memory
- - Advantages and disadvantages
- - General operation
- - Various
- - Software
- Machine translation
- - Translation process
- - Prerequisites
- - Difficulties
- - Approaches
- - Development
- - Existing products and services
- - Prospective
- Parallel text
Subtitle
- Subtitling or dubbing?
- Description
- Subtitling the movies
- - Spotting
- - Translation
- - Simulation
- - Engraving, inlaying or packaging
- - The live broadcast
- Live captioning
- - Velotype
- - Touch typing
- - Computer-aided stenotype
- - Speech recognition
- Surtitles
- - Comments
- - Technical means
- - Artistic issues
- Quasi instant voice translation
- - Difficulties
- - Ongoing projects
- - Future
Translation Studies
- Theories of translation - Interpretive theory
- Back-translation
- - The proper use of back-translation
- False friends
- - Cognates
- - - Complete false friends
- - - Partial false friends
- - False cognates
- Translation process
- - The implications of the "inside" language
- - Total and not absolute translation
- - A single model
- Untranslatability
- - Hovering
- - Translation methods
- - - Adaptation
- - - Calque
- - - Compensation
- - - Borrowing
- - - Periphrasis
- - - Translator's note
- - Untranslatability of poetry and puns
- - An amazing counterexample
Translators
- Translator's notes
- European Master's in Translation
- - European Master's in Translation
- - - Organization of EMT
- - - Core skills
- - The EMT label
- - EMT Network
- - - Eligibility
- - Members
- European Council of Literary Translators' Associations
- - History
- - Objectives
- International Translation Day
Annexes: Translation in EU
- Translation Guide
- - Think before you write
- - - Who will be reading the document?
- - - What are you trying to achieve?
- - - What points must the document cover?
- - Focus on the reader
- - - Be direct and interesting
- - Get your document into shape
- - - When you start
- - - As you write
- - - Two common problems at the European Commission:
- - KISS - Keep It Short and Simple
- - - Short...
- - - ... and Simple:
- - - Simple, uncluttered style also means:
- - Make sense - structure your sentences
- - Cut out excess nouns - verb forms are livelier
- - Be concrete, not abstract
- - Prefer active verbs to passive
- - - Name the agent
- - Beware of false friends, jargon and abbreviations
- - - Avoid false friends
- - - Avoid or explain jargon
- - - Take care with abbreviations
- - Revise and cheque check
- Clear English Tips
- - English prefers to be simple, concise and concrete.
- - - Use simple words where appropriate.
- - - Prefer a verb to an abstract noun
- - - Prefer a gerund to an abstract noun
- - - Prefer participles to relative clauses
- - - And eliminate participles entirely if appropriate.
- - - Use the passive voice sparingly
- - - Consider replacing negatives with positives
- - - Consider short forms and pronouns to avoid repeating full names …
- - - Express conditions, including hidden ones, with ‘if’ ...
- - - In general, cut out extra verbiage.
- - English prefers straightforward syntax
- - - Keep the subject close to the beginning of the sentence
- - - Avoid splitting up subjects, modals, verbs and direct objects
- - - If a sentence is too long, pull information out into separate sentences.
- - - Use topic-introducing phrases sparingly.
- - English may use different number, articles, gender or words from other languages
- - - Keep uncountable nouns in the singular.
- - - Use ‘a’ rather than ‘the’ for members of a class.
- - - Do not use gender pronouns for entities.
- - - Consider alternatives to ‘of’.
- - - Finally, avoid ‘false friends’ in translation.
- English Style Guide
- - Introduction
- - Writing English
- - - GENERAL
- - - SPELLING
- - - PUNCTUATION
- - - NUMBERS
- - - ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
- - - Acronyms and initialisms
- - - Contractions and truncations
- - - FOREIGN IMPORTS
- - - PARTS OF SPEECH
- - - LISTS
- - - SCIENCE GUIDE
- - - FOOTNOTES, CITATIONS AND REFERENCES
- - - CORRESPONDENCE
- - - PERSONAL NAMES AND TITLES
- - - NAMES OF BODIES
- - - GENDER-NEUTRAL LANGUAGE
- - About the European Union
- - - THE EUROPEAN UNION
- - - PRIMARY LEGISLATION
- - - SECONDARY LEGISLATION
- - - THE EU INSTITUTIONS
- - - REFERENCES TO OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
- - - EU FINANCES
- - - MEMBER STATES
- - - OFFICIAL LANGUAGES AND CURRENCIES
- - - EXTERNAL RELATIONS
- - TRANSLITERATION
- - - TRANSLITERATION TABLE FOR GREEK
- - - TRANSLITERATION TABLE FOR CYRILLIC
- - FORMS OF ADDRESS
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- - - Envelop
- - - Start
- - - Close
- Style Guide for EU Member States
- - Austria
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Government bodies and administrative divisions
- - Belgium
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Federal structure
- - Bulgaria
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Croatia
- - - Geography
- - - Regions
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Political and administrative structure
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Law gazettes, official gazettes and official journals
- - - Miscellaneous
- - Cyprus
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Czech Republic
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Denmark
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Estonia
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Law gazettes, official gazettes and official journals
- - Finland
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Law gazettes, official gazettes and official journals
- - France
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Germany
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Government bodies and administrative divisions
- - Greece
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Hungary
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Iceland
- - - Judicial bodies
- - Ireland
- - Italy
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Latvia
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Lithuania
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Law gazettes, official gazettes and official journals
- - Luxembourg
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Malta
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Netherlands
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Poland
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - - Law gazettes, official gazettes and official journals
- - Portugal
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Romania
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Slovakia
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Spain
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Sweden
- - - Geography
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - Turkey
- - - Judicial bodies
- - - Legal instruments
- - United Kingdom
- - - Geography
Quotes
References
About the author
- Nicolae Sfetcu