MARC record from Internet Archive

LEADER: 15091pam 22003374a 4500
001 9920054470001661
005 20150423124219.0
008 000615r20001877nju b 001 0 eng
010 $a 00055983
020 $a0765806916 (alk. paper)
035 $a(CSdNU)u90162-01national_inst
035 $a(Sirsi) l00055983
035 $a(Sirsi) l00055983
035 $a(Sirsi) 01-AAL-1314
035 $a 00055983
040 $aDLC$cDLC$dDLC$dOrPss
042 $apcc
050 00 $aGN 478$bM67 2000
100 1 $aMorgan, Lewis Henry,$d1818-1881.
245 10 $aAncient society /$cLewis Henry Morgan ; with a new introd. by Robin Fox.
260 $aNew Brunswick, NJ :$bTransaction Publishers,$cc2000.
300 $alviii, 560 p. ;$c23 cm.
500 $aOriginally published: Calcutta : Bharati Library, 1877.
504 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
505 0 $aGrowth of Intelligence Through Inventions and Discoveries -- Ethnical Periods -- Progress of Mankind from the Bottom of the Scale -- Illustrated by Inventions, Discoveries and Institutions -- Two Plans of Government -- One Gentile and Social, giving a Society (Societas); the other Political, giving a State (Civitas) -- The former founded upon Persons and Gentilism; the Latter upon Territory and Property -- The First, the Plan of Government of Ancient Society -- The Second, that of Modern or Civilized Society -- Uniformity of Human Experience -- Proposed Ethnical Periods -- Lower Status of Savagery -- Middle Status of Savagery -- Upper Status of Savagery -- Lower Status of Barbarism -- Middle Status of Barbarism -- Upper Status of Barbarism -- Status of Civilization -- Arts of Subsistence -- Supremacy of Mankind over the Earth -- Control over Subsistence the Condition -- Mankind alone gained that Control -- Successive Arts of Subsistence -- Natural Subsistence -- Fish Subsistence -- Farinaceous Subsistence -- Meat and Milk Subsistence -- Unlimited Subsistence through Field Agriculture -- Long Intervals of Time between them -- Ratio of Human Progress -- Retrospect on the Lines of Human Progress -- Principal Contributions of Modern Civilization -- Of Ancient Civilization -- Of Later Period of Barbarism -- Of Middle Period -- Of Older Period -- Of Period of Savagery -- Humble Condition of Primitive Man -- Human Progress in a Geometrical Ratio -- Relative Length of Ethnical Periods -- Appearance of Semitic and Aryan Families -- Growth of the Idea of Government -- Organization of Society Upon the Basis of Sex -- Australian Classes -- Organized upon Sex -- Archaic Character of the Organization -- Australian Gentes -- The Eight Classes -- Rule of Marriage -- Descent in the Female Line -- Stupendous Conjugal System -- Two Male and Two Female Classes in each Gens -- Innovations upon the Classes -- Gens still Rudimentary -- The Iroquois Gens -- The Gentile Organization -- Its Wide Prevalence -- Definition of a Gens -- Descent in the Female Line the Archaic Rule -- Rights, Privileges and Obligations of Members of a Gens -- Right of Electing and Deposing its Sachem and Chiefs -- Obligation not to marry in the Gens -- Mutual Rights of Inheritance of the Property of deceased Members -- Reciprocal Obligations of Help, Defense and Redress of Injuries -- Right of Naming its Members -- Right of Adopting Strangers into the Gens -- Common Religious Rites, Query -- A Common Burial Place -- Council of the Gens -- Gentes named after Animals -- Number of Persons in a Gens -- The Iroquois Phratry -- Definition of a Phratry -- Kindred Gentes Reunited in a Higher Organization -- Phratry of the Iroquois Tribes -- Its Composition -- Its Uses and Functions -- Social and Religious -- The Analogue of the Grecian Phratry; but in its Archaic Form -- Phratries of the Choctas -- Of the Chickasas -- Of the Mohegans -- Of the Thlinkeets -- Their Probable Universality in the Tribes of the American Aborigines -- The Iroquois Tribe -- The Tribe as an Organization -- Composed of Gentes Speaking the same Dialect -- Separation in Area led to Divergence of Speech, and Segmentation -- The Tribe a Natural Growth -- Attributes of a Tribe -- A Territory and Name -- An Exclusive Dialect -- The Right to Invest and Depose its Sachems and Chiefs -- A Religious Faith and Worship -- A Council of Chiefs -- A Head-Chief of Tribe in some Instances -- Three successive Forms of Gentile Government -- A Government of One Power -- Of Two Powers -- Of Three Powers -- The Iroquois Confederacy -- Confederacies Natural Growths -- Founded upon Common Gentes, and a Common Language -- The Iroquois Tribes -- Their Settlement in New York -- Formation of the Confederacy -- Its Structure and Principles -- Fifty Sachemships Created -- Made Hereditary in certain Gentes -- Number assigned to each Tribe -- These Sachems formed the Council of the Confederacy -- The Civil Council -- Its Mode of Transacting Business -- Unanimity Necessary to its Action -- The Mourning Council -- Mode of Raising up Sachems -- General Military Commanders -- This Office the Germ of that of a Chief Executive Magistrate -- Intellectual Capacity of the Iroquois -- Gentes in Other Tribes of the Ganowanian Family -- Divisions of American Aborigines -- Gentes in Indian Tribes; with their Rules of Descent and Inheritance -- Hodenosaunian Tribes -- Dakotian -- Gulf -- Pawnee -- Algonkin -- Athapasco-Apache -- Tribes of North-west Coast -- Eskimos, a Distinct Family -- Salish, Sahaptin, and Kootenay Tribes -- Shoshonee -- Village Indians of New Mexico, Mexico and Central America -- South American Indian Tribes -- Probable Universality of the Organization in Gentes in the Ganowanian Family -- The Aztec Confederacy -- Misconception of Aztec Society -- Condition of Advancement -- Nahuatlac Tribes -- Their Settlement in Mexico -- Pueblo of Mexico founded, A.D. 1325 -- Aztec Confederacy established, A.D. 1426 -- Extent of Territorial Domination -- Probable Number of the People -- Whether or not the Aztecs were organized in Gentes and Phratries -- The Council of Chiefs -- Its probable Functions -- Office held by Montezuma -- Elective in Tenure -- Deposition of Montezuma -- Probable Functions of the Office -- Aztec Institutions essentially Democratical -- The Government a Military Democracy -- The Grecian Gens -- Early Condition of Grecian Tribes -- Organized into Gentes -- Changes in the Character of the Gens -- Necessity for a Political System -- Problem to be Solved -- The Formation of a State -- Grote's Description of the Grecian Gentes -- Of their Phratries and Tribes -- Rights, Privileges and Obligations of the Members of the Gens -- Similar to those of the Iroquois Gens -- The Office of Chief of the Gens -- Whether Elective or Hereditary -- The Gens the Basis of the Social System -- Antiquity of the Gentile Lineage -- Inheritance of Property -- Archaic and Final Rule -- Relationships between the Members of a Gens -- The Gens the Center of Social and Religious Influence -- The Grecian Phratry, Tribe and Nation -- The Athenian Phratry -- How Formed -- Definition of Dikaearchus -- Objects chiefly Religious -- The Phratriarch -- The Tribe -- Composed of Three Phratries -- The Phylo Basileus -- The Nation -- Composed of Four Tribes -- Boule, or Council of Chiefs -- Agora, or Assembly of the People -- The Basileus -- Tenure of the Office -- Military and Priestly Functions -- Civil Functions not shown -- Governments of the Heroic Age, Military Democracies -- Aristotle's Definition of a Basileus -- Later Athenian Democracy -- Inherited from the Gentes -- Its Powerful Influence upon Athenian Development -- The Institution of Grecian Political Society -- Failure of the Gentes as a Basis of Government -- Legislation of Theseus -- Attempted Substitution of Classes -- Its Failure -- Abolition of the Office of Basileus -- The Archonship -- Naucraries and Trittyes -- Legislation of Solon -- The Property Classes -- Partial Transfer of Civil Power from the Gentes to the Classes -- Persons unattached to any Gens -- Made Citizens -- The Senate -- The Ecclesia -- Political Society partially attained -- Legislation of Cleisthenes -- Institution of Political Society -- The Attic Deme or Township -- Its Organization and Powers -- Its Local Self-government -- The Local Tribe or District -- The Attic Commonwealth -- Athenian Democracy -- The Roman Gens -- Italian Tribes Organized in Gentes -- Founding of Rome -- Tribes Organized into a Military Democracy -- The Roman Gens -- Definition of a Gentilis by Cicero -- By Festus -- By Varro -- Descent in Male Line -- Marrying out of the Gens -- Rights, Privileges and Obligations of the Members of a Gens -- Democratic Constitution of Ancient Latin Society -- Number of Persons in a Gens -- The Roman Curia, Tribe and Populus -- Roman Gentile Society -- Four Stages of Organization -- The Gens -- The Curia, consisting of TenGentes -- The Tribe, composed of Ten Curiae -- The Populus Romanus, composed of Three Tribes -- Numerical Proportions -- How Produced -- Concentration of Gentes at Rome -- The Roman Senate -- Its Functions -- The Assembly of the People -- Its Powers -- The People Sovereign -- Office of Military Commander (Rex) -- Its Powers and Functions -- Roman Gentile Institutions essentially Democratical -- The Institution of Roman Political Society -- The Populus -- The Plebeians -- The Clients -- The Patricians -- Limits of the Order -- Legislation of Servius Tullius -- Institution of Property Classes -- Of the Centuries -- Unequal Suffrage -- Comitia Centuriata -- Supersedes Comitia Curiata -- Classes supersede the Gentes -- The Census -- Plebeians made Citizens -- Institution of City Wards -- Of Country Townships -- Tribes increased to Four -- Made Local instead of Consanguine -- Character of New Political System -- Decline and Disappearance of Gentile Organization -- The Work it Accomplished -- Change of Descent from the Female to the Male Line -- How the Change might have been made -- Inheritance of Property the Motive -- Descent in the Female Line among the Lycians -- The Cretans -- The Etruscans -- Probably among the Athenians in the time of Cecrops -- The Hundred Families of the Locrians -- Evidence from Marriages -- Turanian System of Consanguinity among Grecian Tribes -- Legend of the Danaidae -- Gentes in other Tribes of the Human Family -- The Scottish Clan -- The Irish Sept -- Germanic Tribes -- Traces of a prior Gentile System -- Gentes in Southern Asiatic Tribes -- In Northern -- In Uralian Tribes -- Hundred Families of Chinese -- Hebrew Tribes -- Composed of Gentes and Phratries Apparently -- Gentes in African Tribes -- In Australian Tribes -- Subdivisions of Fejees and Rewas -- Wide Distribution of Gentile Organization -- Growth of the Idea of the Family -- The Ancient Family -- Five successive Forms of the Family -- First, the Consanguine Family.
505 8 $aIt created the Malayan System of Consanguinity and Affinity -- Second, the Punaluan -- It created the Turanian and Ganowanian System -- Third, the Monogramian -- It created the Aryan, Semitic, and Uralian System -- The Syndyasmian and Patriarchal Families Intermediate -- Both failed to create a System of Consanguinity -- These Systems Natural Growths -- Two Ultimate Forms -- One Classificatory, the other Descriptive -- General Principles of these Systems -- Their Persistent Maintenance -- The Consanguine Family -- Former Existence of this Family -- Proved by Malayan System of Consanguinity -- Hawaiian System used as Typical -- Five Grades of Relations -- Details of System -- Explained in its origin by the Intermarriage of Brothers and Sisters in a Group -- Early State of Society in the Sandwich Islands -- Nine Grades of Relations of the Chinese -- Identical in Principle with the Hawaiian -- Five Grades of Relations in Ideal Republic of Plato -- Table of Malayan System of Consanguinity and Affinity -- The Punaluan Family -- The Punaluan Family supervened upon the Consanguine -- Transition, how Produced -- Hawaiian Custom of Punalua -- Its probable ancient Prevalence over wide Areas -- The Gentes originated probably in Punaluan Groups -- The Turanian System of Consanguinity -- Created by the Punaluan Family -- It proves the Existence of this Family when the System was formed -- Details of System -- Explanation of its Relationships in their Origin -- Table of Turanian and Ganowanian Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity -- The Syndyasmian and the Patriarchal Families -- The Syndyasmian Family -- How Constituted -- Its Characteristics -- Influence upon it of the Gentile Organization -- Propensity to Pair a late Development -- Ancient Society should be Studied where the highest Exemplifications are found -- The Patriarchal Family -- Paternal Power its Essential Characteristic -- Polygamy subordinate -- The Roman Family similar -- Paternal Power unknown in previous Families -- The Monogamian Family -- This Family comparatively Modern -- The Term Familia -- Family of Ancient Germans -- Of Homeric Greeks -- Of Civilized Greeks -- Seclusion of Wives -- Obligations of Monogamy not respected by the Males -- The Roman Family -- Wives under Power -- Aryan System of Consanguinity -- It came in under Monogamy -- Previous System probably Turanian -- Transition from Turanian into Aryan -- Roman and Arabic Systems of Consanguinity -- Details of the Former -- Present Monogamian Family -- Table of Roman and Arabic Systems -- Sequence of Institutions Connected with the Family -- Sequence in part Hypothetical -- Relation of these Institutions in the Order of their Origination -- Evidence of their Origination in the Order named -- Hypothesis of Degradation Considered -- The Antiquity of Mankind -- Growth of the Idea of Property -- The Three Rules of Inheritance -- Property in the Status of Savagery -- Slow Rate of Progress -- First Rule of Inheritance -- Property Distributed among the Gentiles -- Property in the Lower Status of Barbarism -- Germ of Second Rule of Inheritance -- Distributed among Agnatic Kindred -- Improved Character of Man -- Property in Middle Status -- Rule of Inheritance imperfectly Known -- Agnatic Inheritance Probable -- The Three Rules of Inheritance--Continued -- Property in the Upper Status of Barbarism -- Slavery -- Tenure of Lands in Grecian Tribes -- Culture of the Period -- Its Brilliancy -- Third Rule of Inheritance -- Exclusively in Children -- Hebrew Tribes -- Rule of Inheritance -- Daughters of Zelophehad -- Property remained in the Phratry, and probably in the Gens -- The Reversion -- Athenian Inheritance -- Exclusively in Children -- The Reversion -- Inheritance remained in the Gens -- Heiresses -- Wills -- Roman Inheritance -- The Reversion -- Property remained in the Gens -- Appearance of Aristocracy -- Property Career of the Human Race -- Unity of Origin of Mankind.
650 0 $aSocial structure.
650 0 $aSocial evolution.
650 0 $aPolitical anthropology.
948 $a02/27/2001$b03/15/2001
999 $aGN 478 M67 2000$wLC$c1$i31786101397419$d2/1/2005$e1/13/2005 $f2/26/2004$g1$lCIRCSTACKS$mNULS$n2$rY$sY$tBOOK$u3/15/2001