MARC Record from marc_columbia

LEADER: 06924fam a2200409 a 4500
001 1179954
005 20220601224628.0
008 911217t19931993nyua b 001 0 eng
010 $a 91047046
020 $a019507436X (acid-free paper)
035 $a(OCoLC)25130677
035 $a(OCoLC)ocm25130677
035 $9AGQ0849CU
035 $a(NNC)1179954
035 $a1179954
040 $aDLC$cDLC$dDLC$dNNC$dOrLoB-B
043 $an-us---
050 00 $aKF3958$b.C73 1993
082 00 $a344.73/04622$a347.30446.22$220
100 1 $aCranor, Carl F.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n91127988
245 10 $aRegulating toxic substances :$ba philosophy of science and the law /$cCarl F. Cranor.
260 $aNew York :$bOxford University Press,$c[1993], ©1993.
263 $a9212
300 $axix, 252 pages :$billustrations ;$c25 cm.
336 $atext$2rdacontent
337 $aunmediated$2rdamedia
338 $avolume$2rdacarrier
490 1 $aEnvironmental ethics and science policy series
504 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [231]-241) and index.
505 20 $tIntroduction: Assessing Toxic Substances Through a Glass Darkly -- $g1.$tThe Scientific Background -- $tPredicting Risks from Animal Bioassays -- $tBackground -- $tRegulatory Science and Policy Choices -- $tNormative Implications of the Scientific Uncertainties in Risk Assessment -- $tProblems in the Statistics of Human Epidemiological Studies and Animal Bioassays -- $tDiscovering Risks -- $tPractical Evidence-Gathering Problems -- $tTheoretical Difficulties -- $tTraditional Practices in Interpreting Epidemiological Studies -- $tAn Alternative to Traditional Practices -- $tClean Hands Science, Dirty Hands Public Policy -- $tProfessional Ethics -- $tPublic Policy Issues -- $g2.$tScientific Evidence in the Tort Law -- $tInstitutional Background -- $tThe Challenge to Present Evidentiary Procedures -- $tLegal Issues -- $tArguments for the Scientific Standards Test -- $tArguments Against Competitor Views -- $tBlack's Proposal -- $tA Common Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Scientific and Legal Burdens of Proof -- $tAn Alternative View -- $g3.$tJoint Causation, Torts, and Administrative Law in Environmental Health Protections -- $tJoint Causation and the Tort Law -- $tLiability Rules for Causation -- $tProof of Causation -- $tAdministrative Law -- $tNo Moral or Policy Bars to Regulation when Joint Causation Obtains -- $tThe Case for Regulation of Toxic Substances when Joint Causation Obtains -- $tUtilitarian Arguments -- $tJustice Arguments -- $tOther Considerations for Using Administrative Remedies -- $g4.$tScientific Procedures in Regulatory Agencies -- $tInstitutional Background -- $tMajor Laws Regulating Carcinogens -- $tPremarket Regulatory Statutes -- $tPostmarket Regulatory Statutes -- $tProcedural Requirements -- $tSubstantive Statutory Requirements -- $tApproaches to Risk Assessment in Regulatory Agencies -- $tA Brief History of Agency Use of Risk Assessment -- $tCurrent Agency Risk Assessment Practices -- $tTwo Unacceptable Approaches to Risk Assessment -- $tThe Complete and Accurate Science Approach -- $tThe Science-Intensive Approach -- $tShortcomings of Present and Recommended Practices -- $tAn Alternative Approach -- $tCoping with Scientific Uncertainty -- $tMitigating the Demanding Evidentiary Standards of Science -- $tExpediting Risk Assessment -- $tUse of Tabulated TD[subscript 50]s for Most Sensitive Sites and Species -- $tUse of Expedited Linearized Multistage Default Procedures -- $tThe Virtues of Expedited Procedures -- $tMaking Public Policy on Expedited Risk Assessments Through the Agencies and Courts -- $g5.$tEpistemic and Moral Justification -- $tEpistemic Justification -- $tMoral Justification -- $tPrinciples Implicit in the Occupational Safety and Health Act -- $tPhilosophical Theories of Distribution -- $tUtilitarianism -- $tThe Daniels-Rawls Theory of Health Care Protection -- $tThe Attraction of Distributively Sensitive Theories.$tAppendix A Uncertainties in Carcinogen Risk Assessments -- $tAppendix B Cancer Potency Estimates of CDHS and EPA -- $tAppendix C Relative Risk as a Function of Alpha and Beta Values -- $tAppendix D Statutes Authorizing Regulation of Carcinogens -- $tAppendix E Derivation of TD[subscript 50] Potency Values.
520 1 $a"The proliferation of chemical substances in commerce poses significant scientific and philosophical problems. The scientific challenge is to develop data, methodologies and techniques for identifying and assessing toxic substances before they cause harm to human beings or the environment. The philosophical problem is to determine how much scientific information we should demand for this task consistent with the pursuit of other social goals." "In this book, Carl Cranor utilizes material from ethics, philosophy of law, epidemiology, tort law, regulatory law, and risk assessment to argue that the evidentiary standards for science used in the law to control toxics ought to be evaluated with the purposes of the law in mind. Demanding too much for this purpose will slow the evaluation and lead to an excess of toxic substances left unidentified and unassessed, thus leaving the public at risk. Demanding too little may impose other costs. Analyzing this tension philosophically, Cranor argues for an appropriate balance between these social concerns. Although the use of somewhat less stringent evidentiary standards for expert testimony in tort law cases and the use of expedited procedures in the regulatory field might in some cases lead to mistakes of overcompensation or overregulation, the overall social costs would be less than the alternatives. Justice requires that we tolerate the chance of such errors and that we resist the temptation to demand the most science intensive evaluation of each substance in order to protect individuals better from mistakes of undercompensation and underregulation." "The role of science in the control of toxic substances is an important public philosophical issue, yet until now has received little discussion by philosophers. Regulating Toxic Substances addresses this subject in a way that speaks both to a well-informed public and to experts in several disciplines, including philosophy, risk assessment, environmental and tort law, environmental studies, and public health policy."--BOOK JACKET.
650 0 $aHazardous substances$xLaw and legislation$zUnited States.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008105500
650 0 $aChemicals$xLaw and legislation$zUnited States.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008100326
650 0 $aIndustrial safety$xLaw and legislation$zUnited States.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2008104453
830 0 $aEnvironmental ethics and science policy.$0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n86724938
852 00 $bglx$hKF3958$i.C73 1993
852 00 $bmorl$hKF3958$i.C73 1993