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LEADER: 03015namaa2200253uu 450
001 http://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/26093
005 20190117
020 $a9780262720472
041 0 $aEnglish
042 $adc
072 7 $aKJH$2bicssc
100 1 $avon Hippel, Eric$4auth
245 10 $aDemocratizing Innovation
260 $aCambridge$bThe MIT Press$c2006
300 $a1 electronic resource (216 p.)
506 0 $aOpen Access$2star$fUnrestricted online access
520 $aThe process of user-centered innovation: how it can benefit both users and manufacturers and how its emergence will bring changes in business models and in public policy.Innovation is rapidly becoming democratized. Users, aided by improvements in computer and communications technology, increasingly can develop their own new products and services. These innovating users—both individuals and firms—often freely share their innovations with others, creating user-innovation communities and a rich intellectual commons. In Democratizing Innovation, Eric von Hippel looks closely at this emerging system of user-centered innovation. He explains why and when users find it profitable to develop new products and services for themselves, and why it often pays users to reveal their innovations freely for the use of all.The trend toward democratized innovation can be seen in software and information products—most notably in the free and open-source software movement—but also in physical products. Von Hippel's many examples of user innovation in action range from surgical equipment to surfboards to software security features. He shows that product and service development is concentrated among "lead users," who are ahead on marketplace trends and whose innovations are often commercially attractive.Von Hippel argues that manufacturers should redesign their innovation processes and that they should systematically seek out innovations developed by users. He points to businesses—the custom semiconductor industry is one example—that have learned to assist user-innovators by providing them with toolkits for developing new products. User innovation has a positive impact on social welfare, and von Hippel proposes that government policies, including R&D subsidies and tax credits, should be realigned to eliminate biases against it. The goal of a democratized user-centered innovation system, says von Hippel, is well worth striving for. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.
540 $aCreative Commons$fby-nc-nd/4.0$2cc$4http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
546 $aEnglish
650 7 $aEntrepreneurship$2bicssc
653 $aInnovation
653 $aentrepeneurs
856 40 $awww.oapen.org$uhttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/49e8a8b0-842a-4fde-ae7a-b65aab127960/1003993.pdf$70$zOAPEN Library: download the publication
856 40 $awww.oapen.org$uhttp://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/26093$70$zOAPEN Library: description of the publication