I. Philosophical Inheritance Page 1 II. The Revolt From Hagel Page 19 Bertran Russell Page 20 His Approach to Philosophy Page 22 The Theory of Descriptions and The Theory of Types Page 25 His Theories of Knowledge and of What There Is Page 31 G. E. Moore Page 40 Principia Ethica Page 41 Moore and Prichard Page 48 The Refutation of Idealism Page 55 The Defence of Common Sense Page 59 III. Pragmatism Page 69 William James Page 69 The Character of James's Pragmatism Page 70 Radical Empiricism Page 75 James's Theory of Truth Page 79 C. I. Lewis Page 83 His Theories of Knowledge and Meaning Page 84 His Moral Philosophy Page 102 IV. Wittgenstein, Popper, and the Vienna Circle Page 108 The Tractatus and its Sequals Page 108 Moritz Schlick, Otto Neurath and Rudolph Carnap Page 121 Karl Popper on Induction Page 131 The Consentration on Syntax Page 134 Tarski's Theory of Truth Page 136 The Fate of the Circle Page 138 V. Wittgenstein, Carnap and Ryle Page 142 The Later Wittgenstein Page 142 Carnap and Semantics Page 157 Gilbert Ryle and the Concept of Mind Page 164 VI. Phisicalism Page 170 Broad on Mind and Matter Page 170 Strawson's Concept of a Person Page 178 Armstrong's Materialism Page 180 Davidson's Argument Page 187 Summary Page 189 VII. The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood Page 191 The Influence of Croce Page 192 The Theory of Absolute Presuppositions Page 197 Causality and the Idea of Nature Page 205 The Idea of History Page 209 VIII. Phenomenology and Existentialism Page 214 The Foundation in Brentano and Husserl Page 214 Maurice Merleau-Ponty Page 216 His Account of Perception Page 216 On the World as Perceived Page 223 The Early Work of Heidegger and Sartre Page 226 IX. Later Developments Page 234 Linguistic Philosophy Page 234 J. L. Austin Page 234 Noam Chomsky Page 239 W. V. Quine Page 242 Nelson Goodman Page 253 Michael Dummett Page 262 Essentialism Page 267 Index Page 271