An edition of Ten epochs of church history
(1879)
Ten epochs of church history
Volume 2: The Post-Apostolic Age
by Fulton, John, 1834-1907 and Locke, Clinton, 1829-1904
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Table of Contents
CONTENTS.
CHAP. I. — The Character and Boundaries of the Post-Apostolic Age — Its Beginning— Its Terminal Point. — The Chief Difficulties. — When Corruption Entered. — Its Special Purity 1
CHAP. II. — Sources or History fob the Beginnings or the Post-Apostolic Age. — The Purpose of Eusebius. — Qualifications of Eusehius. — The Letter of Barnabas. — The Anti -Jewish Party. — Barnabas's Allegorism. — The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles. — A Eucharistic Fragment — Jewish Tone of Didaechs. — St. Clement not the Consul. — Was St. Clement a Bishop? — Does St John Refer to this Quarrel? — Qualities of St Clement's Letter. — St Clement's Three Characteristics. — The Shepherd of Hermas. — The Prophets of the First Days. — Hennas, the Brother of Pius. — Ignatius of Antioch. — Date of Ignatius. — His Character. — Ignatian Phrases and Figures. — A Medical Man and Musical. — The Passion for Unity. — Mutual Duties of Bishop and Church. — Lost Writings of Papias 13
CHAP. III. — The Historic Episcopate — Rival Theories in Modern Times. — Opinion in Third Century. — Apostles Numerous in New Testament — Protestant Feeling about Episcopacy. — Apostles Chosen as Eye-witnesses. — Grounds for the Non-Episcopalian View. — New Forms of Non -Episcopalian View. — Theory of Dr. Hatch. — Theory of M. Reville. — Presbyters not Bishops at all. — Dr. McGiffert's View. — Acts and Pastoral Epistles Forgeries 61
CHAP. IV. — The Historic Episcopate — The Witnesses Called. — Eusebian Lists of Early Bishops. — Apostles in the Didachi. — Prophets called Chief Priests. — St. Clement's Ambiguity. — A Bishop Offers Sacrifice. — High-priests, Priests, and Levites Now. — In the Mind of Jesus Christ. — Presbyters Called Successors of Apostles. — Apart from These, No Church 85
Chap. V. — The Church and the Empire — I. Persecutions and Apologists, to the Death of St. Polycarp. — Causes of Dislike for Christians. — Witchcraft and Immorality Charged. — The State Jealous of a Higher Law. — Causes of Danger to Chriatiauri. — First Account of Christian Worship. — The Decision of Trajan. — An Age of Apologists. — Quad rat us Historical, not Metaphysical. — Story of Barlaam and Josaphat. — Aristides not in Bondage to the Letter. — The Character of Christians. — The Rescript of Hadrian. — Severity of the Antonines. — The Faith not Changed in Transmission. — Let Search be Made for Poly carp — Points of Likeness to the Lord's Death. — The Death of St. Polycarp 105
CHAP. VI. — The Church and the Empire - II. Persecutions and apologists, from the death of St. Polycarp to the accession of Commodus. — Justin Fiuds a Better Philosophy. — Christians not to be Condemned for a Name. — Justin's Argument Continued. — How Christians Were Regenerated. — The Food called a Eucharist. — The Regular Sunday Morning Service. — An Example of Roman Justice. — The First Christian Book in the Latiu Tongue. — A Roman's View of Martyrdom. — Apologies Become Numerous. — The Persecution of Lyons and Vienne. — Vettius Becomes a Paraclete of the Christians. — Martyrdom is Witness -Bearing. — Christian Endurance a Puzzle to the Heathen. — Sigus Following Them That Believe. — Persecution Followed by Reaction 141
CHAP. VII. — The Church's Rivals — Ebionism and Gnosticism. — Ebioniem, the Jews - Distortion of Christianity. — The Nazarenes. — The Pharisaic Ebionites. — A Heretic Does Great Service as a Translator. — The Original Essene Society. — Departures of Essenic Ebionism from Essenism. — Danger that Men Will Look for Grace Irresistible. — The Pseudo -Clementine Story. — Ebionite Warnings Against a False Apostle. — Effect of the Forgeries on Public Opinion. — Rationalism vs. Traditionalism. — The Creator of the World not the True God. — The Gnostic View of <£ons. — Gnostic Contrast of Pneumatic and Psychic. — Nicolas the Deacon. — Mansion of Pontes. — Lesson of Gnosticism for Nineteenth Century 175
CHAP. VIII. — Three Interior Strifes — The Paschal Question — Montanism — Sabellianism. — The Quartodeciman Controversy. — Our Easter Rule not Apostolic. — Polycarp and Anioetus Agree to Differ. — The Testimony of Claudius Apolinarius. — Another Fragment from Claudius. — Directions from Rome not Binding. — Victor's Attempt at Wholesale Excommunication. — Festal Epistles Sent from Alexandria. — Characteristics of the Phrygians. — Prophesy ings Attractive to the Phrygian Temper. — Was the Christian Revelation Final?— The Pro - phesyings Ascribed to Evil Spirits. — Montanist Leaders Appeal for Recognition. — The Partial Successes of Montaniam. — The First Martyrs of North Africa. — The First Vision of Perpetua. — Perpetua's Vision of the Unsaved SooL — Saturus's Vision of Paradise. — Moo tan is ts not jet Separated from the Church. — Martyrs Triumph over Pain and Fear. — A Wise Bishop May Be More than a Constant Martyr. — Meaning of Name Monarchianism. — Heretical View of a Modal Trinity. — Noetus Introduces Monarchianism at Borne. — Roman Authorities Led Astray by Prazeas 208
CHAP. IX. — Early Theologians of the West — Irenjeus — Tertullian — Hippolytus — Irensus, the Conservative and Peace -Maker. — The Book Against All Heresies. — Honorable Meaning of Tradition in Irensus. — Must All Churches Agree With Rome? — Non -Roman Visitors Make Roman Tradition. — Belief of Irenssus in Infant Regeneration. — Modern Encnaristic Theories. — The Language of Irenaeus not Modern. — My Body, — that is, the Figure of My Body. — Views Generally Held, but not Necessary. — Quotations from the Elders in Irenssus. — Evil Heredity of the Church of Carthage. — Tertullian's Character and Gifts. — Tertullian as an Apologist. — The New Note of Triumph. — On the Prescription of Heretics. — Tertullian's Statement of the Rule of Faith. — Tertullian not Definitely Separated from the Church. — Tertullian Witnessing to Christian Ussges. — Tertullian on Treatment of Post-Baptismal-Sin. — Fasting in the Post-Apostolic Church. — Low Idea of Marriage in Early Centuries. — May a Lay Priesthood Offer Alone? — Hippolytus Probably a Bishop-Coadjutor. — The Quarrel about Doctrine in the Roman Church. — The Quarrel about Discipline in the Roman Church. — The Scandal concerning St. Callistus. — Did Christians Choose an Embezzler as Bishop? — The Roman Bishops Did not Go to Extremes 258
CHAP. X. — Early Theologians of the East — The School of Alexandria — Clement — Origen. — The Divine Apathy. — The Logos in Philo. — The Catechetical School. — Clement of Alexandria. — Clement Really Orthodox. — Clement's Writings. — Clement's Advance upon Philo. — Faults of Clement's Theology. — Origen's character. — Origen's Unsparing Toil. — Origen's Friendships. — Origen a Traditionalist. — Origen both Allegorical and Literal. — The Phrase, "Eternal Generation." — Origen's Doctrine of Man. — Origen's Personal History. — Narcissus of Jerusalem. — Origen's First Stay in deaarea. — Origen's Ordination. — Was Origen Condemned as a Heretic? — Origen's Burial-place 317
CHAP. XI. — The Church and the Empire from Commodus to Diocletian — Cyprian and His Times. — Roman Citizenship Given to all Freemen. — The Decian Persecution. — Chief Victims under Valerian. — Self-sacrifice and Self-will. — The Pope of Carthage. — Cyprian Avoids the Persecution. — Sacriflcati, Thurificati, Libellatici. — Cyprian's Feeling about Martyrs and Confessors. — The Schism of Felicissimus. — Cyprian Suppresses Information. — Novation and Novatus. — Novatianist Idea of the Church. — The Church Must be One. — Cyprian's Idea of the Episcopate. — A Forger Enlarges Cyprian. — Can Bad Men Do God's Works?— Infant and Clinic Baptisms. — Bespondcre Natalibus. — Our Dead not Lost. — Stephen Becomes Bishop of Rome. — An Appeal from Gaul. — Beginning of the Re-Baptism Controversy. — Three Views of What is Baptism. — The Fifth Council of Carthage. — Stephen Excommunicates Himself. — Large Allowance of Wide Difference. — The Church Rejects Cyprian's View. — Cyprian's Belief in Heavenly Signs. — Cyprian's Arrest and Trial. — Cyprian's Death and Glorification. — Cyprian's Lesson for To -day 360
CHAP. XII. — The Forty Years' Rest, and the Tenth Wave. — Dionysius Opposes Chiliasm. — Misunderstandings as to the use of Words. — Stories of Gregory Thaumaturgus. — St. Firmilian of Csesarea. — Heresy and Deposition of Paul. — The Word Hotnoousios. -— Vitality of the Armenian Church. — The Divine Call to the Ascetic Life. — The Career of St. Anthony. — Arnobius and Lactantins. — The Diocletian Persecution. — The Vision of Constantine 422
CHAP. XIII. — Last Words of Some Workings of the Church's Mind in the Post-Apostolic Age. — The Change from Custom to Canon. — What was Included in the Faith? — The Faith Fixed, Theology Free. — The Doctrine of Confirmation. — Cyprian on the Laying on of Hands. — Doctrine of Eucharist as Sacrifice. — Justin and Irenseus on Sacrifice. — The Alexandrians on Sacrifice. — Early Views of the Sabbath Idea. — The Early Lord's Day no Sabbath. — Canon of Scripture not Settled Early. — Early Christian Liturgies. — Contents of an Ancient Liturgy. — Liturgies Point to Common Model. — The Creed not Said in Early Liturgies. — Lord's Prayer Called a Form of Consecration. — Are Forms in the Didache Liturgical?— The Church is Christ's After All 447
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