An edition of Ten epochs of church history
(1879)
Ten epochs of church history
Volume 9: The Reformation
by Fulton, John, 1834-1907 and Locke, Clinton, 1829-1904
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Table of Contents
CONTENTS.
Prefatory Note.
CHAP. I. — The New Wine in the Old Bottles. — The Reformation Long Prepared. — Decline of the Papacy. — Growth of Christian Life. — The New National Life, France, England, Spain, Italy, Germany. — Decline of Scholasticism. — The New Learning. — Its Theory of Reform. — The New Geography. — Reform by Councils Tried. — Marsilius of Padua. — William of Occam. — Wiclif. — Huss. — The Mystics. — The Anti-Roman Sects. — The New Spirit of Individualism. — A Reformation Inevitable 1
CHAP. II. — The Spanish Awakening. — Reform Sought by Governmental Action. — The Spanish Religious Character. — Ferdinand and Isabella. — Ximenes. — Theological Learning. — The Inquisition. — Influence of the Spanish Awakening 53
CHAP. III. — The Saxon Revolt. — State of Germany. — Its Divisions of Opinion. — Reuchlin. — Luther's Character. — Early Life. — The Great Question. — Luther a Monk. — Justification by Faith Alone. — Luther a Teacher. — Idulgences. — The Ninety-five Theses.- Germany Stirred. — Philip Melanchthon. — The Leipzig Dispusation. — The Great Tracts of 1520. — The Pope's Bull Burned. — Worms. — Luther in Retirement. — Wittenberg in his Absence. — Luther's Forceful Return. — Spread of Lutheranism — The Peasants' War. — Breach with Erasmus. — Luther's Marriage. — Organization of the Lutheran Churches. — The Political Situation. — The Name, Protestant — Protestantism Divided 71
CHAP. IV. — The Revolt in German Switzerland. — Condition of Switzerland. — Zwingli's Early Life. — His Spiritual Development. — The Reformation of Zurich. — Anabaptists Persecuted. — Berne and Basel Revolt from Rome. — Martin Bucer. — Zwingli's Theology. — Christ's Presence in the Supper. — Saxon and Swiss Reformers Divided. — Colloquy at Marburg. — Zwingli's Far-reaching Plans. — Civil War in Switzerland. — Zwingli' s Death 147
CHAP. V. — The Lutheran Churches of Germany. — Changed Character of the Lutheran Revolt. — The Augsburg Confession. — The Schmalkaldic League. — Political Situation Favors the Protestants. — The Nuremberg Truce. — Spread of Lutheranism. — Growth of Catholic Opposition. — The Frankfort Suspension. — Reunion Efforts. — Philip's Bigamy. — The Emperor's Plans. — Luther's Death. — Moritz of Saxony. — Collapse of the Schmalkaldic League. — The Interims. — The Protestant coup d'etat — Failure of the Emperor. — Lutheranism Wins Equal Rights. — The Peace of Augsburg. — Internal Quarrels of the Lutherans. — Melanchthon's Views. — His Last Days. — The "Rage of the Theologians." — Disastrous Effects of these Disputes 181
CHAP. VI. — Calvin and his Work. — Condition of France. — Reformation Enters Through the New Learning. — Le Fevre of Etaples. — Governmental Hostility. — French Switzerland, Farel, Viret and Froment. — State of Geneva. — It Revolts from Rome. — Calvin's Early Life and Education. — Conversion to Protestantism. — The Institutes. — Calvin's Theology. — Discipline. — Calvin at Geneva. — Banishment. — In Strassburg. — His Return and Rule. — The Genevan Constitution. - Contests. - Castellio, Bolsec and Servetus. — Calvin's Work.-Spread of his Views. — Death. — Theodore Beza. 225
CHAP. VII. The Protestant Movement Carried To Other Countries. — Condition of Scandinavia. — Sweden Becomes Lutheran. Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland Lutheran. — The Reformation in Poland. — Hungary and Transylvania. — Liberal Stirrings in Spain. — The Religious Revival of Italy. — Caraffa and Contarini. — The Spanish Type of Reformation Victorious. — The Italian Anti-Trinitarians. — Socinianism. — The Netherlands. — England. — Condition of Scotland. — Protestant Beginnings. — John Knox. — The Scottish Revolt from Rome. — Queen Mary. — Knox's Work 277
CHAP. VIII. — The More Radical Reformers. — Luther, Zwingli and Calvin seem to some but half-way Reformers. — Genesis of the Radical Movements. — The Anabaptists. — Their Beliefs. — Their Wide Spread. — Persecution. — The Majority Orderly. — A Fanatic Element. — Hofmann. — The Minister Tragedy. — Menno Simons Restores the Anabaptist Movement. — Franck. — Schwenckfeld. — The Spirituels. — The Family of Love. — Value of these Radical Movements 335
CHAP. IX. — The Counter-Reformation. — Reform in the Roman Church. — Aims of the Counter-Reformation. — It Gains Control of the Papacy. — Theology Revived. — New Orders and Congregations. — Awakened Spiritual Life. — Ignatius Loyola. — The Society of Jesus. — Its Character. — Spread. — Schools. — Missions. — Xavier. — The Council of Trent. — Its Theology. — Support Given by Catholic Sovereigns. — The Roman Church Renews its Strength 356
CHAP. X. — The Struggle for Mastery. — The Changed Political Situation of 1559. — Protestantism in Peril. — The Early Huguenot Struggles in France. — The Revolt of the Netherlands. — William of Orange. — Massacre of St. Bartholomew. — The War in the Netherlands. — Further Huguenot Struggles. — Attitude of Elizabeth. — The Great Armada. — Henry IV. Reverses the Policy of France. — The Edict of Nantes. — Failure of Philip II. — The Situation in Germany. — The Thirty Years' War. — Bohemian Protestantism Crushed. — Wallenstein. — Foreign Intervention. — Gustavus Adolphus. — Richelieu. — Germany Exhausted. — The Peace of Westphalia. — The Lines Permanently Drawn. — The Refoormation in Retrospect 403
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Volume 2 of 10.
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