An edition of History of the church
(1912)
History of the church
Volume 2
by Johannes Alzog
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Last edited by Tom Morris
October 24, 2022 | History
Volume 2
Publish Date
1912
Publisher
Benziger Bros.
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Table of Contents
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
SECOND PERIOD.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CHURCH PREDOMINANT AMONG THE GERMANIC AND SLAVIC NATIONS — SHE CONVERTS THEM TO CHRISTIANITY, AND CIVILIZES THEM — HER HISTORY TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY.
§ 144. Character of the Roman Catholic Church during the Present Period 1
FIRST EPOCH — From the Migration of the Germanic and Slavic Nations to the Pontificate of Gregory VII. (A. D. 1073). Foundation of the Ecclesiastical Supremacy of the Middle Ages.
PART FIRST.
From the Fourth Century to the Death of Charlemagne, A. D. 814.
§ 145. Sources and Works 12
146. Religion of the Germans 15
147. Religious Belief of the Germans in Scandinavia 17
CHAPTER I. Propagation of Christianity.
§ 148. Among the Goths 20
149. Christianity among the Visigoths — Their Kingdoms in Gaul and Spain 24
150. The Vandals in Africa 26
151. The Burgundians and their Relations to the Church 30
152. Ravages of the Huns in Germany, Gaul, and Italy 31
153. The Ostrogoths and Lombards in Italy 33
154. Benedict of Nursia — Western Monasticism 40
155. Christianity among the Franks — Triumph of Catholicity 46
§ 156. Christianity in the British Isles 50
157. Christianity in Germany and the adjacent Countries 96
158. Christianity among the Frisians — Reverses of tho Christians in Spain 109
159. Labors of St. Boniface 112
160. The Conversion of the Saxons 120
CHAPTER II. Modifications in the Relations and Organization of the Church.
§ 161. The Church in her Relations to the Germanic States — Close Alliance of Church and State 125
162. Enlarged Possessions of the Church 130
163. Increased Dependence of the Church upon the State — Administration of Metropolitan and Diocesan Sees 132
164. The Primacy — Spiritual Power of the Popes 138
165. Temporal Power of the Popes — Establishment of the States of the Church 141
166. Foundation of the Christian German, or Restoration of the Roman Empire of the West 147
CHAPTER III. Religious Life — The Clergy — Discipline.
§ 167. Religious Life 153
168. The Clergy — Their Canonical Life — The Monks 156
169. Penance and Discipline 102
CHAPTER IV. Scientific Labors of the Germans.
§ 170. General Character of Science during this Epoch 167
171. Progress of Science in Italy, Spain, and the British Isles 167
172. Labors of Charlemagne for the Diffusion of Knowledge 171
173. First Heresies — Adelbert and Clement — Adoptionism 174
174. Charlemagne 182
CHAPTER V. The Greek Church.
§ 175. General View 189
176. Mohammed — His Doctrine — Its Rapid Progress 191
177. The Controversies of the Iconoclasts in the East and in the Frankish Empire.
A. — Byzantine Iconoclasts 206
B. — The Iconoclastic Controversy in the Frankish Empire. 215
PART SECOND.
History of the Catholic Church from the Death of Charlemagne to the Pontificate of Gregory VII. 1073.
§ 178. Sources — Works 223
CHAPTER I. Progress of Christianity among the Germane — Conversion of Slavic Nations.
§ 179. Christianity in Scandinavia 224
180. The Slavonians and their Mythology 235
181. Conversion of some of the Slavonic Nations 23S
182. Conversion of the Poles 246
183. Christianity in Hungary 250
CHAPTER II. The Papacy and the Empire.
§ 164. Summary 253
A. — The Popes under the Carlovingians.
185. Under Louis the Mild and his Sons 254
186. Progress of the Power of the Popes from A. D. 855 to 880.
False Decretals of Isidore 268
B. — Deplorable Condition of the Papacy in the Tenth Century.
187. The Roman Pontificate during its disgraceful Dependence upon Tuscan Domination 292
C. — The Papacy after the Restoration of the Empire.
188. The Popes under the Saxon Emperors 298
189. The Popes under the Franconian Emperors 315
190. Continuation — Popes elected through the Influence of Hildebrand 320
191. Retrospect 334
CHAPTER III. History of the Constitution of the Church.
§ 192. The Church in her Relations to the State 337
193. Ecclesiastical Supremacy of the Popes 342
194. The College of Cardinals 344
195. Metropolitans, Bishops, and their Dioceses 348
196. Church Property 354
197. Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction — Immunities of the Clergy 356
CHAPTER IV. Religion - Life — Worship — Discipline.
§ 198. The Morals of the Clergy 357
199. Religious Orders of this Epoch 359
200. Condition of the Church in the Leading Countries of Europe* 366
201. Religious Worship during this Epoch 394
202. Ecclesiastical Discipline 405
CHAPTER V. Theological Science and Heresies.
§ 203. Theological Literature — Works and their Authors. 421
204. New Controversy on Predestination, occasioned by the Teachings of Gottschalk 425
205. First Controversy on the Eucharist — Paschasius Radbert 430
206. Second Controversy on the Eucharist, occasioned by the Writings of Berengarius of Tours 441
CHAPTER VI. Memorable Events in the Greek Church.
§ 207. Eastern Schism — Photius — Eighth Ecumenical Council 449
208. Revival of the Schism by Michael Cerularius 462
209. Learning among the Greeks 466
210. Conversion of the Chazari, Bulgarians, and Russians by the Greeks 468
211. Sects of the Eastern and Western Churches 473
212. Retrospect 475
SECOND EPOCH.
FROM GREGORY VII. (A. D. 1073) TO THE OPENING OF THE WESTERN SCHISM, AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY — THE PAPACY IN THE MIDDLE AGES — HEIGHT AND DECLINE OF ITS POWER.
PART FIRST.
Rise and Height of the Papal Power in the Middle Ages, from the Accession of Gregory VII. to the Death of Boniface VIII. (A. D. 1073-1303.)
§ 213. Outline — Sources, and Works referring to them 477
CHAPTER I. History of the Papacy.
A. — From Gregory VII. to Calixtus II. — From the Beginning of the Contest on Investitures until its Termination by the Concordat of Worms (A. D. 1122).
§ 214. Pope Gregory VII. (A. D. 1073-1085) 481
215. Victor III. (A. D. 1087) — Urban II. (A. D. 1088-1099) 511
§ 216. The Crusades 617
217. Paschal II. (A. D. 1099-1118) — Gelasius II. (A. D. 1119) — Calixtus II. (A. D. 1119-1124) 623
Ninth Ecumenical Council (A. D. 1123) 636
B. — From Honorius to the Death of Eugene III. (A. D. 1163) — Italian Republicanism — Arnold of Brescia — Second Crusade — St. Bernard and his Work, "De Consideratione."
§ 218. Honorius II. (A. D. 1124-1130) — Innocent II. (A. D. 1130-1143) — Lucius II. (A. D. 1144-1145) — Eugenius III. (A. D. 1145-1153) 638
C. — The Hundred Years Struggle between the Popes and Hohenstaufens — Frederic I., Henry VI, Frederic II, Conrad IV., and Conradin (A. D. 1268).
§ 219. Hadrian IV. (A. D. 1155-1159) — Alexander III. (A. D. 1159-1181) — Frederic I., and Henry II., King of England — Thomas a Becket 547
Pope Hadrian's Bull concerning Ireland 654
Eleventh Ecumenical Council (1179) 568
220 Lucius III. (A. D. 1181-1185) — Urban III. (A. D. 1185-1187) — Gregory VIII. (A. D. 1187) — Clement III. (A. D. 1187-1191) — Celestine III. (A. D. 1191-1198) — Frederic I. — Henry VI 669
221. Innocent III. — His Relations to the Princes of Europe 673
Twelfth Ecumenical Council (A. D. 1215) 583
222. Honorius III. (1216-1227) — Gregory IX. (1227-1241) — Innocent IV. (1243-1254) — Clement IV. (1265-1268) in opposition to Frederic II., Conrad IV., and Conradin, last scion of the House of Suabia
223. Crusades of St Louis (IX.) — Pragmatic Sanction 600
D. — Beginning of French Influence — Tardiness of Papal Elections,
224. Gregory X. (A. D. 1271-1276) — Council of Lyons — Death of St. Thomas Aquinas and of St. Bonaventure — Rudolph of Hapsburg 604
225. The Popes from Innocent V. (A. D. 1276) until the Abdication of Celestine V. (A. D. 1294) 607
226. Boniface VIII. (A. D. 1294-1303) — Philip IV., King of France 614
227. General View of the Temporal and Spiritual Power of the Popes during the Middle Ages 630
CHAPTER II. The Other Members of the Hierarchy — Administration of Dioceses.
§ 228. The Clergy in their Relations to the State. 640
229. The Cardinals 644
230. Administration of Dioceses 646
231. The Morals of the Clergy 648
232. Church Property 650
CHAPTER III. Fanatical and Refractory Sects.
§ 233. General View 652
234. Tanchelm, Eon, Peter of Bruis, Henry of Lausanne, and the Passagians 654
235. The Waldenses 658
236. The Cathari and the Albigenses 661
237. Remarks on the rigorous Measures employed against these Sects 667
238. Amalric of Bena — David of Dinanto — Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit — Apostolic Brethren 672
CHAPTER IV. History of Religious Orders.
§ 239. Introduction 681
240. The Cistercian Order 683
241. The Order of Grammont 688
242. The Carthusians 689
243. The Premonstratensians 692
244. The Carmelites and the Order of Fontevrault 694
245. Anthonists, Trinitarians, and Humiliati 697
246. The three great Military and Religious Orders 700
247. Mendicant Orders — St. Dominic and St. Francis of Assisi 707
248. Influence of the Mendicant Orders — Opposition raised against them 719
249. Divisions among the Franciscans 721
250. Other Orders and Confraternities 723
The True Picture of Monastic Life 725
CHAPTER V. History of Theological Science.
§ 251. Transformation of Cloister and Cathedral Schools into Universities 728
252. Scholasticism and Mysticism 732
253. St. Anselm of Canterbury 740
Controversy on Realism, Nominalism, and Conoeptualism. 742
§ 254. Controversy concerning Scholasticism and Mysticism — Abelard, Gilbertus Porretanus, and St. Bernard 746
255. Attempts to check the Vagaries of Speculation — Robert Pulleyne, Peter Lombard, Hugh and Richard of St. Victor 754
256. The Mystics 762
257. Second Period of Scholasticism under the Franciscans and Dominicans 765
258. The Other Sciences — Religious Poets — National Literature 784
CHAPTER VI. Religious and Moral Life — Penitential Discipline — Propagation of Christianity.
§ 259. Religious and Moral Life 790
260. Penitential Discipline — Jubilee Indulgences 795
261. Conversion of Pomerania and the Island of Rugen 800
262. Conversion of Livonia, Esthonia, and Courland 802
263. Christianity in Prussia 803
264. Conversion of the Mongols by Western Missionaries 806
The Greek Church 810
PART SECOND.
From the Death of Boniface VIII. to the Western Schism (A. D. 1303-1517) — Decline of Mediaeval Papal Supremacy — Transition to its Condition in Modern Times — Reformatory Councils.
§ 265. Literature — Character of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries 816
CHAPTER I. Constitution of the Church as regards her Exterior Development
A. — The Popes of Avignon, or the Babylonian Captivity (1309-1378).
§ 266. Translation of the Holy See to Avignon — Benedict XI. — Clement V. 819
Fifteenth Eoumenical Council 826
267. John XXII. — Benediot XII. — Clement VI. — Struggle with Louis the Bavarian 829
268. Innocent VI. — Bl. Urban V. — Gregory XI 838
B. — Great Western Schism (A. D. 1378-1417 and 1439-1449) — Popes at Rome and at Avignon — Reformatory Synods of Pisa, Constance, and Basle.
§ 269. Urban VI. — Boniface IX. — Innocent VII. — Gregory XII 845
270. Council of Pisa (1409) — Alexander V. — John XXIII 853
§ 271. The Council of Constance (1414-1418) 868
272. Eugene IV. — Nicholas V. — The Council of Basle; its Protest against being transferred to Ferraraand Florence — Emperor Sigismund — Albert II. — Frederic III 874
C. — The Last Popes of this Period — Fifth Council of Lateran.
278 Calixtus III. — Pius II. — Paul II. — Sixtus IV. — Innocent VIII. — Alexander VI 897
274. Julius II. — Synod of Pisa — Fifth Council of Lateran — Leo X. 914
275. Review of the Situation of the Papacy 922
276. Review of the Condition of the other Members of the Hierarchy 926
277. Morals of the Clergy 928
278. Negotiations with the Greek Church for a Restoration of
Union — Seventeenth Ecumenioal Council at Ferrara and Florence 931
CHAPTER II. Heresies and Heretical Sects.
§ 279. John Wickliffe (A. D. 1324-1384) 947
280. John Huss (1373-1415) — The Hussites 952
The Hussite Wars 967
281. German Theology 971
282. The Heretics, John Wesel, and John van Goch, and the Zealots, John Wessel, and Jerome Savonarola 973
283. The Inquisition 979
CHAPTER III. Ecclesiastical Science.
§ 284. Scholasticism during the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. 988
285. Mysticism — The Friends of God 993
286. The so-called Revival of Learning by the Humanists 1000
287. The Study of Holy Scriptures — Spread of the Bible among the People 1007
CHAPTER IV. Spiritual Life — Worship — Penitential Discipline.
§ 288. Spiritual Life 1014
289. History of the Older Religious Orders 1019
290. Reform of the Older Orders 1021
291. New Orders 1022
292. Independent Associations 1025
293. Worship during this Epoch 1026
294. Christian Art. 1038
295. Penitential Discipline 1056
296. Propagation of Christianity and Conversion of the Jews 1058
297. Retrospect of the Influence exercised by the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages 1064
I. Chronological Table of Popes and Emperors 1069
II. Chronological Table of Principal Personages and Events 1073
III. Chronological Table of Councils 1087
Eccleaiastico-Geographical Map 1097
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| October 24, 2022 | Edited by Tom Morris | merge authors |
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