"In the summer of 2015, shortly after Caitlyn Jenner came out as transgender, the NAACP official and political activist Rachel Dolezal was “outed” by her parents as white, touching off a heated debate in the media about the fluidity of gender and race. If Jenner could legitimately identify as a woman, could Dolezal legitimately identify as black? Taking the controversial pairing of “transgender” and “transracial” as his starting point, Rogers Brubaker shows how gender and race, long understood as stable, inborn, and unambiguous, have in the past few decades opened upin different ways and to different degreesto the forces of change and choice. Transgender identities have moved from the margins to the mainstream with dizzying speed, and ethnoracial boundaries have blurred. Paradoxically, while sex has a much deeper biological basis than race, choosing or changing ones sex or gender is more widely accepted than choosing or changing ones race. Yet while few accepted Dolezals claim to be black, racial identities are becoming more fluid as ancestryincreasingly understood as mixedloses its authority over identity, and as race and ethnicity, like gender, come to be understood as something we do, not just something we have. By rethinking race and ethnicity through the multifaceted lens of the transgender experienceencompassing not just a movement from one category to another but positions between and beyond existing categoriesBrubaker underscores the malleability, contingency, and arbitrariness of racial categories.