"An NBER digest for this paper is available.There are two leading views on how financial crises turn into recessions. The first view highlights the importance of a troubled banking sector that cannot provide credit to domestic firms. The second view stresses the relevance of short-term borrowing in foreign currency and the associated decline in net worth through a weak balance sheet. Both views underline the role of financial constraints as mechanisms that can lead to an aggregate investment collapse. By utilizing a new firm-level database from six Latin American countries between 1990-2005 and using a differences-in-differences methodology, we empirically test the importance of each view. We find that foreign exporters that hold short-term foreign currency denominated debt, increase investment by 13 percentage points compared to domestic exporters with foreign currency denominated debt. This result only holds when the currency crisis is combined with a banking crisis, implying that the key factor that hinders investment and growth is the decline in the supply of credit"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.