An edition of Christ in type and prophecy
(1893)
Christ in type and prophecy
Volume 1
by Anthony John Maas
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Prophecies, Bible, Messiah, Messiahship, Typology (Theology)Showing 4 featured editions. View all 4 editions?
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Book Details
Table of Contents
CONTENTS.
Introduction,
chapter I.
HISTORY AND FORM OF THE PROPHECY- ARGUMENT.
I. History of the prophecy-argument 13
a. Jesus uses it 13
b. The apostles use the argument . 14
c. The evangelists use it 15
d. The patristic use of the argument 16
e. The progressive development of Messianic prophecy 17
/. Why the argument was treated so frequently 18
a. In England 18
fi. In France.. , 19
y. In Germany , 19
6. In Germany, continued . .... 20
e. The rationalist's historical method. 21
C. Christian apologies. , , 22
tf. Less conservative apologies 23
Works which deal partially with the prophecies 24
B. Dialectic form of the prophecy* argument 24
a. Major premise 25
b. Minor premise , 26
a. Historical truth of the prophecies 26
1. The Old Testament books precede the New Testament.. 27
2. Sibylline oracles 27
8. The Book of Enoch 28
a. Division of the Book of Enoch 29
b. Author of the Book of Enoch 80
e. Time of composition of the Book of Enoch 80
4 The Book of Jubilees .. 82
5. The Psalms of Solomon 83
6. The " Ascensio Mosis " 34
7. The Revelation of Baruch. 34
8. The Fourth Book of Esdras 35
9. Talmudic and Rabbinic sources 86
Review of the historical truth of the prophecies 86
fi. Philosophical truth of the prophecies 87
1. Definiteness of the predictions 88
2. Agreement between prediction and fulfilment 88
3. Three exceptions 38
a. First exception, and answer 89
b. Second exception answered 40
c Third exception. M. Nicolas 41
a. Ewald'sview 43
ft. Reuss' statement of the difficulty 43
y. M. Seville's addition 48
d\ Kuenen's theory 48
€. Kuenen's view further developed 44
C Kuenen's method illustrated 45
Answer : 1. The naturally ecstatic state 45
3. This is nowhere said to belong especially to the Hebrews 46
8. Fallacy of Kuenen's induction 47
4. The so-called natural facts have not yet been explained 47
5. Ecstasy is not the criterion of prophecy 48
6. Even one prophecy, established with certainty, is God's testimony 49
7. Falsely alleged unfulfilled prophecies 49
8. Philistia's destruction 50
9. No time determined in predictions 51
10. Prophecies concerning Israel 53
y. Relative truth of the prophecies 58
1. Organic connection of the prophecies 54
3. Identity of sacred and profane seer. 54
CHAPTER II.
THE GENERAL DIFFUSION OF MESSIANIC PROPHECY.
1. General misery. 56
a. Among the Egyptians and Indians 56
b. Among the Persians and Mexicans 57
e. Testimony of human sacrifices and other rites 57
d. The Greek sages 57
e. The later Greek writers 58
/. Greek philosophic thought 58
g. Testimony of Roman writers 59
3. General hope of redemption 60
a. The Persians 60
6. The Indians 61
e. The Chinese 64
d. The later Arabians and Persians 66
e. The Greeks 67
/. The Germanic races. 68
0. The Celtic races 69
h. The Esthenians 70
I The tribes of the Pacific islands 70
k. The Mexicans. 71
1. The Peruvians 71
tn. Domingo, the Algonquin, etc 73
n. The Romans 78
a. The Etruscan seers 78
ft. The Sibylline sources 74
y. Despair at non-fulfilment 75
d\ Origin of Messianic prophecy 75
o. The Hebrews 76
a. To Solomon 76
fl. Chronological summary 77
y. From Solomon to Ezechias 78
8. The prophets 79
e. Result 79
C. Division of prophetical books 80
7k Chronology of the prophets 80
&. Other prophets 81
CHAPTER III.
NAME AND NATURE OF THE PROPHETS.
1. Verbal definition 82
a. Greek etymology 82
&. Hebrew etymology 88
a. Intransitive meaning 88
ft. Passive meaning. 84
y. Active meaning 84
c. Use of the word 84
a. Nabi 84
ft. Roeh and Chozeh 86
y. Difference of use 86
6\ Other names of prophets 87
2. Definition from effects 87
a. In the New Testament 87
6. In the Old Testament 88
a. Prophetic authority extends to all Israelites 88
ft. Embraces private matters 88
y. Political affairs 89
6\ Religious questions 89
8. Definition from psychological condition of the prophet 90
a. Purely intellectual or sensible 91
b. Seven kinds of sensible prophecy 91
c. Words 92
d. yisions 92
1. Views of Philo, etc 93
2. This theory rejected 98
8. The prophets passive in their visions 94
y. Dreams 94
6. Ecstasy not excluded 95
e. Prophetic certainty 96
4. Rationalistic theories 96
a. Briggs' theory 97
b. Riehm's theory 100
c. Verdict on Rienm's theory 108
a. It is based on a false principle 103
p. Its assumptions are gratuitous , . . . 104
y. The process of development is merely natural 104
6. The definiteness of the prophecies is not explained 105
€. The idea of fulfilment is destroyed 105
CHAPTER IV.
THE PROPHETIC OFFICE.
1. The exercise of the prophetic office was extraordinary 107
2. The call to the prophetic office was extraordinary 107
a. The prophetic order and the prophetic gift are not convertible terms 108
3. Prophetic schools 108
a. Reasons for their existence. 109
ft. Reasons not convincing 109
y. Schools involved in uncertainly 110
d. Probable description of the schools 110
3. The prophetic office was an ordinary institution Ill
a. The priests are not the ordinary teachers Ill
b. Deut. xviii. 9-22 112
a. Reasons for applying the text to Christ alone 113
ft. Its typical reference to Christ 114
y. Its literal reference to the prophets 116
c. The prophets were the ordinary teachers 117
Exception answered 117
d. Prophetic influence in the state 118
e. Secondary functions of the prophets 119
4. Prophets and priests 119
a. They are distinct 120
b. Not opposed to each other 120
5. Prophets and kings 121
6. The prophets and the Pentateuch 122
a. Importance of this question 123
b. Smith's view 124
c. Influence on the historical books 124
d. Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers 127
e. Chronological order of sources 127
f. The Hexateuch a development of prophetic doctrine... ..... 128
g. The historical hypothesis is unsound 129
a. The composition is impossible.. 129
ft. Language , ^ . . 130
y. Style of the documents 131
d. Alleged repetitions, contradictions, etc 131
e. Historical argument , 132
f. Osee's testimony. 134
7. Theology of the prophets 135
a. View of God 135
b. Divine names, 136
c. The " name of the Lord" 137
d. Mystery of the Holy Trinity 137
e. Prophetic anthropomorphism 138
f. Anthropology of the prophets 139
a. General outline 139
b. Beginning and end 140
c. Sheol 142
Review 142
CHAPTER V.
THE WRITINGS OF THE PROPHETS.
1. The prophetic writings are inspired 144
2. Spoken and merely written prophecies. 145
3. Abbreviated prophecies 145
4. Titles of the prophetic books 146
5. The prophetic style 147
6. Obscurity of the prophets 147
a. Reasons of obscurity 148
a. Confusion of tenses. 149
fi. Fragmentary character of predictions 150
y. The idea of prophecy does not involve absolute clearness. 150
6\ Absence of chronological perspective 151
e. Chronological accuracy is not always wanting 152
C* Prophetic imagery 154
1. The typical sense. 154
2. Allegorical types. 155
3. Difference between symbols and types 156
4. How to recognize the typical meaning 157
5. The figurative sense 158
Part I.
THE GENEALOGY OF THE MESSIAS.
CHAPTER I.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SON OF GOD. Ps. ii.
Introduction. 1. Position of Ps. ii 161
2. Structure of Ps. ii. 161
3. Author of the Psalm 162
4. Subject of the Psalm 163
Text and Commentary. . , 167
Corollary : The Messias is the Son of God 176
1. In the light of Christian revelation 176
2. In the light of the Old Testament 176
A. Rabbinic testimony for the Messianic character of Ps. ii. 177
B. The Divine Sonship of the Messias as taught in the Synagogue 179
CHAPTER II.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SEED OF THE WOMAN. Gen. hi. 1-19.
Introduction. 1. Mythical explanation 184
2. Symbolical explanation 184
3. Allegorical explanation 185
4. Messianic character of the passage 186
Text and Commentary 186
Corollary: The Messianic character of the passage 207
1. Christian testimony 207
2. Rabbinic testimony... 207
CHAPTER III.
THE HESSIAS IS THE SON OF 8EM. Gen. ix. 18-27.
Introduction 212
Messianic character of the passage 212
Text and Commentary 215
Corollary: Prophetic Summary 220
CHAPTER IV.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SON OF ABRAHAM, ISAAC, AND JACOB.
Gen. xii. 1-9 ; xvii. 1-9 ; xviii. 17-19 ; xxii. 16-18 ; xxvi. 1-5 ;
xxviii. 10-15.
Introduction : 1. Time and place of the
2. Messianic character of the propheT
Text and Commentary 227
Corollaries : 1. Patriarchal hope 284
2. Relation of the patriarchs to the prophecies 284
CHAPTER V.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SON OF JACOB. Num. XXiv. 15-19.
Introduction : 1. Time and occasion of the prophecy 287
2. Character of the prophet 288
3. Authorship of the prophecy 289
4. Unchristian applications of the prophecy 289
5. Messianic character of Balaam's prophecy. . . . , 240
Text and Commentary 244
Corollary: Prophetic Summary 247
CHAPTER VI.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SON OF DAVID.
Section I. The Bon of David shall rule forever. II. Kings vii. 1-16;
I. Par. xvii. 1-17.
Introduction: 1. History of the prophecy 248
2. Authorship of the prophecy 248
3. Messianic character of the prophecy 250
Text and Commentary 252
Corollary: Prophetic Summary 255
Section II. The Son of David is the Prince of Pastors. Jer, xxiii.
1-8 ; xxxiii. 14-26.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with its context. . . . 255
2. Jer. xxxiii. 14-26 is parallel to xxiii. 1-8 256
3. Subject of the prophecy 257
Text and Commentary 261
Corollaries: 1. The faithful pastor in the house of David. 268
2. The divine nature of the Messias , 264
3. The priests, princes, and pastors in a moral sense. 264
Section III. The Messias will wring from the marrow of the high cedar.
Ezech. xvii.
Introduction: 1. Time and occasion of the prophecy 265
2. Division of the prophecy 266
3. The Messianic character of the passage 266
Text and Commentary 266
Corollary: Messianic character of Ezechiel's prophecy 269
PART II.
BIRTH OF THE MESSIAH.
CHAPTER I.
PLACE OF THE MESSIAS' BIRTH. Mich. V. 2-14.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with the preceding ones 271
2. Antichristian explanation of Micheas' prophecy 273
3. Messianic character of the prophecy . . . 274
Text and Commentary . . 275
Corollaries 280
CHAPTER II.
THE TIME OF THE MESSIAS BIRTH.
Section I. The Blessing of Juda. Gen. xlix. 8-12.
Introduction: 1. Time and occasion of the prophecy 282
2. Place of the prophecy in the critical analysis of Genesis 283
3. Messianic character of the prophecy 284
Text and Commentary 288
Corollaries: 1. More definite meaning of the prophecy 295
2. Is the Messias of the tribe of Juda ? 297
3. What could the Jews understand of this prophecy ? 297
4. Argument against the present Synagogue 298
Section II. Daniel's Seventy Weeks. Dan. ix. 22-27.
Introduction: 1. Time and occasion of the prophecy 299
2. Unchristian explanations of the prophecy 299
3. Messianic character of the prophecy 299
Text and Commentary 808
Corollaries: Chronological agreement between prophecy and fulfillment 816
Section III. The Coming to the Temple. Agg. ii. 1-10.
Introduction: 1. The historical connection of the prophecy with its context 828
2. Division of the prophecy , 323
3. Explanations of the prophecy 324
4. The Messianic nature of Aggeus' prophecy., 326
Text and Commentary 828
Corollary: 1. The general commotion . 830
2. The desired of the nations 881
3. The Messianic peace 881
CHAPTER III.
THE VIRGIN MOTHER. Is. vii. 1-17.
Introduction: 1. History and occasion of the prophecy 888
2. Erroneous explanations of the prophecy 884
3. Messianic nature of the prophecy 885
Text and Commentary 841
Corollaries: 1. For Christians 866
2. For Rationalists 856
3. For Jews 856
CHAPTER IV.
THE PRECURSOR OF THE MESSIAS.
Section 1. The Voice in the Desert. Is. xl. 1-11.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with the prophetic series of Isaias 858
2. The Messianic character of the prophecy 859
3. The tropological sense of the passage 360
Text and Commentary 860
Corollary 363
Section II. Elias the Prophet. Mai. iv. 5, 6.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with its context 863
2. Messianic character of the prophecy 863
3. The Second Advent 365
Text and Commentary 866
Corollary 367
Part III.
THE INFANCY OF THE MESSIAS.
CHAPTER I.
ADORATION OF THE MAGI. Ps. lxxi. 1-17.
Introduction: 1. Structure of the Psalm. 869
2. Author of the Psalm 869
3. Subject of the Psalm 870
Text and Commentary 373
Corollary 376
CHAPTER II.
THE SLAUGHTER OF THE HOLY INNOCENTS. Jer. XXXi. 15-26.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with its context 378
2. Time of the prophecy 379
3. Explanations of Rachel's weeping in Rama 379
4. Messianic character of the prophecy 381
Text and Commentary 381
Corollaries: 1. The literal and the typical sense of the prophecy. 884
2. The extraordinary manner of Christ's conception 385
CHAPTER III.
THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT. Os. xi. 1-7.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with its context 886
2. Messianic character of the prophecy 386
Text and Commentary. . . , 387
Corollary 888
Part IV.
THE MESSIANIC NAMES.
CHAPTER I.
THE MESSIAS IS THE ORIENT. Zach. Hi. ; vi. 9-15.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecies with their context 389
2. Messianic character of the prophecies 890
Text and Commentary 393
Corollary 897
CHAPTER II.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SON OF MAN. Dan. vii.
Introduction: 1. Division of the prophecy 398
2. The time of the prophecy 398
3. Authenticity of the prophecy 403
4. The prophecy of Daniel has not been taken from Babylonian sources 406
5. Messianic character of Daniel's prophecy 408
Text and Commentary 411
Corollary: The Son of Man 425
CHAPTER III.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SAVIOUR. Is. li. 1— Hi. 12 ; lxii.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecies with the context. 428
2. The Messianic character of these passages 428
Text and Commentary 480
Corollary 484
CHAPTER IV.
THE MESSIAS WILL BE THE ANGEL OF THE TESTAMENT.
Mai. ii. 17-iii. 6.
Introduction: The Messianic character of the prophecy 485
1. The phrase " My Angel " denotes John the Baptist 485
2. The Lord is Jehovah himself. 486
3. The Angel of the Testament is the Messias 487
Text and Commentary 488
Corollaries: 1. The divinity of the Messias 440
2. His coming to the temple and his purifying the Levites. . . . 440
3. An argument against the Jews 440
4. 5. The Eucharistic sacrifice and the two advents 440
CHAPTER V.
THE MESSIAS IS THE SERVANT OF THE LORD. Is. xlix. 1.
Introduction: 1. Identity of Jehovah's servant 442
2. Messianic character of the servant of the Lord 448
3. Antichristian explanations 444
Text and Commentary , . . 445
Corollary 448
CHAPTER VI.
THE MESSIAS WILL BE THE EMMANUEL. Is. vili. 1-10.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with its context.. . . 449
2. Erroneous explanations 449
3. Messianic character of the prophecy 450
Text and Commentary 450
Corollaries: 1. The land of Emmanuel 452
2. Juda's salvation through Emmanuel.. 452
CHAPTER VII.
THE MESSIAS IS THE PRINCE OF PEACE. Is. ix. 1-7.
Introduction: 1. Connection of the prophecy with its context.. .453
2. Unchristian explanation of the prophecy 458
3. Messianic character of the prophecy 458
Text and Commentary 457
Corollary 458
APPENDIX.
Rabbinic literature 459
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