How to explain the success of certain women in the modernist artistic environment, whose protagonism is almost always attributed to male figures? It was precisely in Brazil that two painters - Anita Malfatti and Tarsila do Amaral - were noted as the great pioneers of our modernism. Attentive to the international dynamics of modern art and in critical dialogue with the paradigms of the historiography of feminist art, Ana Paula Simioni discusses this uniqueness of the country. The counterpoint with a less recognized and introducing artist of decorative arts in Brazil -Regina Gomide Graz- deepens the analysis with an innovative look at the relationships between artistic materialities and gender. The success of these artists was not made despite the genre, but through it. Mulheres Modernistas gives rise to a crucial and unprecedented reflection on the historical fluctuations in the recognition of these artists.