This work, supported by the description and interpretation of photographic images, intended to understand the symbols, archetypes and myths that populated the missionary imaginary, in the period that extended from the installation of the Society of Jesus to its expulsion. In 1607, some European missionaries arrived in the Jesuit Province of Paraguay. The missions formed a political entity that drew its own borders while remaining independent from the Spanish Crown. Then, in 1767, the governor of Buenos Aires received orders signed in the Real Pragmatics by Carlos III, frightened by the possibility that the Jesuits would jeopardize their real power. The scenario chosen were only the Jesuit missions that are now considered a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and that occupied part of the current territories of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. The study deals with symbolic hermeneutics based on Gilbert Durand's theory; the description of the selected Jesuit-Guarani reductions; myths of Christian history and Guarani mythology in these territories; and, finally, of the symbols and archetypes present in the objects photographed in the archaeological sites.