Few indigenous societies have the degree of complexity as the Wayuu society. Some researchers define it as an "Indo-Hispanic" culture, due to its early insertion in the world capitalist system and its intense cultural interaction with other social groups that played a leading role in the socio-political scenario of the Guajira Peninsula. Factors that have contributed to the survival and vitality of this social group: its strong social organization, the diversification of economic activities, the legitimacy of its customary law and the link with its territory, associated with mythological beings that gives it a solid sense of belonging-- need to its space and culture. Carmen Paz concludes that in the stubborn defense of the territory, resources and culture is the key to its identity.