An edition of Western Neo-Aramaic: The Dialect of Jubaadin
(2019)
Western Neo-Aramaic :
The Dialect of Jubaadin
by Anas Abou-Ismail
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Western Neo-Aramaic :: The Dialect of Jubaadin
5th June 2019, Cambridge Scholars
paperback £ 95.99
in English and Semitic (Other)
1527533522 9781527533523
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Table of Contents vii
Figures and Diagrams . . . . . . . . XIV
Tables . . . . . . . . . . XV
Preface . . . . . . . . . . XXVI
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . XXVII
Abbreviations and Explanations . . . . . . . XXVIII
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . 1
Jubaadin . . . . . . . . . 2
Early Aramean History . . . . . . . . 8
Classical to Modern History . . . . . . . . 12
Western Neo-Aramaic . . . . . . . . 17
2 Reading and Writing in WNA . . . . . . . 22
The Vowels . . . . . . . . . 23
Single Sound Consonants . . . . . . . . 28
Multiple Sound Consonants . . . . . . . . 31
Core Alphabet . . . . . . . . . 39
Modified Alphabet of Jubaadin . . . . . . . 40
Gemination . . . . . . . . . 41
Schwa . . . . . . . . . 42
The Hamza . . . . . . . . . 43
Markings Summary . . . . . . . . . 44
3 Basic Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . 46
The Seasons . . . . . . . . . 47
Parts of the Day . . . . . . . . . 49
Days of the Week . . . . . . . . . 51
Units of Time . . . . . . . . . 52
viii
The Months . . . . . . . . . 54
People . . . . . . . . . 57
Relatives . . . . . . . . . 59
The Face . . . . . . . . . 60
Body Parts . . . . . . . . . 61
Food . . . . . . . . . 63
Fruits and Vegetables . . . . . . . . 64
Abstract Nouns . . . . . . . . . 66
Feminine Nouns . . . . . . . . . 67
4 Numbers . . . . . . . . . 71
One to Ten (masculine) . . . . . . . . 72
One to Ten (feminine) . . . . . . . . 73
Eleven to Twenty (masculine) . . . . . . . 74
Eleven to Twenty (feminine) . . . . . . . 75
Twenty-one to Thirty (masculine) . . . . . . . 76
Twenty-one to Thirty (feminine) . . . . . . . 77
Multiples of Ten . . . . . . . . . 78
5 Pronouns . . . . . . . . . 82
Subject Pronouns . . . . . . . . . 83
Demonstrative Pronouns . . . . . . . . 85
Possessive Pronouns . . . . . . . . 87
The Relative Pronoun Ti . . . . . . . . 91
Indicating Possession . . . . . . . . 93
6 The Adjective . . . . . . . . . 96
Indefinite Adjectives . . . . . . . . 97
Definite Adjectives . . . . . . . . . 98
The Colors . . . . . . . . . . 99
ix
Adjectives of the Type upʿol . . . . . . . 102
Adjectives of the Types paʿʿel and paʿlel . . . . . . 103
Adjectives of the Type ipʿel . . . . . . . 105
Adjectives that End with ai . . . . . . . . 107
Adjectives that End with b . . . . . . . . 109
Superlatives . . . . . . . . . 110
7 The Plural Forms . . . . . . . . . 112
Nouns Ending with ṯa . . . . . . . . 113
Nouns Ending with ča . . . . . . . . 115
Plurals of Masculine Nouns . . . . . . . 117
Irregular Plurals . . . . . . . . . 119
Unit Plurals . . . . . . . . . 122
Plurals of Feminine Adjectives . . . . . . . 126
Plurals of Masculine Adjectives . . . . . . . 128
Possessives and Plural Nouns . . . . . . . 130
8 The Nominal Sentence . . . . . . . 134
Conjugation of the Predicate . . . . . . . 135
Negation in a Nominal Sentence . . . . . . . 137
Implied Wishes . . . . . . . . . 140
Conjunctions . . . . . . . . . 141
Genitive Constructions . . . . . . . . 142
9 Adverbs and Prepositions . . . . . . . 144
Adverbs of Quantity . . . . . . . . 145
Prepositions . . . . . . . . . 146
Adverbs of Time . . . . . . . . . 148
Adverbs of Place . . . . . . . . . 153
Adverbs of State . . . . . . . . . 157
x
Possibility and Confirmation . . . . . . . 159
Exclamatory Sentences . . . . . . . . 161
Interrogative Sentences . . . . . . . . 162
Yes or No Questions . . . . . . . . 164
10 Conversations . . . . . . . . 166
In the Street . . . . . . . . . 167
Buying Meat . . . . . . . . . 168
The Lost Cat . . . . . . . . . 169
At the Restaurant . . . . . . . . . 170
On the Phone . . . . . . . . . 171
11 Past Tense Verbs . . . . . . . . 172
Axal in the Past Tense . . . . . . . . 173
Asab in the Past Tense . . . . . . . . 175
Ōmar in the Past Tense . . . . . . . . 176
Verbs of the Type epʿal . . . . . . . . 178
Verbs of the Type Ipʿel . . . . . . . . 183
Verbs of the Type Ipʿal . . . . . . . . 189
Hollow Verbs . . . . . . . . . 190
Verbs of the Types pōʿal and čpōʿal . . . . . . 193
Verbs of the Types pōʿel and čpōʿel . . . . . . 196
Verbs of the Types paʿlal and paʿlel . . . . . . 201
Geminate Verbs paʿʿal . . . . . . . . 205
Geminate Verbs paʿʿel . . . . . . . . 212
Verbs of the Types apʿal and apʿel . . . . . . . 217
Verbs that End with a Vowel . . . . . . . 222
Less Common Conjugations . . . . . . . 230
The Verbs Aṯa and Zalle . . . . . . . . 235
xi
12 Special Cases . . . . . . . . . 238
Troublesome Verbs . . . . . . . . . 239
Negation in the Past Tense . . . . . . . . 244
Using Lafaš . . . . . . . . . 248
13 The Object . . . . . . . . . 250
Introduction . . . . . . . . . 251
Third Person Object Pronouns . . . . . . . 260
First Person Object Pronouns . . . . . . . 268
Second Person Object Pronouns . . . . . . . 271
Possessive Pronouns Following a Verb . . . . . . 278
14 Present Tense Verbs . . . . . . . . 288
Simple Present Tense . . . . . . . . 289
Verbs of the Type epʿal . . . . . . . . 291
Verbs of the Type Ipʿel . . . . . . . . 293
Hollow Verbs . . . . . . . . . 295
Present Continuous . . . . . . . . . 297
Using Lasa . . . . . . . . . 301
Negation in the Present Tense . . . . . . . 303
Verbs of the Type pōʿal . . . . . . . . 305
Aṯa and zalle in the Present . . . . . . . 308
Verbs of the Types paʿlal and paʿlel . . . . . . 311
Geminate Verbs . . . . . . . . . 313
Verbs of the Types apʿal and apʿel . . . . . . . 315
15 Special Cases II . . . . . . . . . 318
Objects in the Present Tense . . . . . . . 319
Object Pronouns in the Present Tense . . . . . . 324
Conditional Sentences . . . . . . . . 333
xii
Verbs that End with a Vowel . . . . . . . 334
Infinitives . . . . . . . . . . 339
Future Tense . . . . . . . . . 345
Negation in the Future . . . . . . . . 351
16 Other Verbal Structures . . . . . . . 354
Passive Verb Forms . . . . . . . . 355
Imperative Verbs . . . . . . . . 363
Object Pronouns of Imperative Verbs . . . . . . 370
Prohibition . . . . . . . . . 374
Derivatives . . . . . . . . . 376
Light Verbs . . . . . . . . . 380
Continuous Past Tense . . . . . . . . 384
Continuous Future Tense . . . . . . . . 385
Other Light Verbs . . . . . . . . . 386
17 Common Idioms . . . . . . . . . 391
18 Short Texts . . . . . . . . . 399
Letter to my Father . . . . . . . . 400
Don’t be Sad . . . . . . . . . 401
Leaving Jubaadin . . . . . . . . . 402
Sumac . . . . . . . . . . 403
Kindergarten . . . . . . . . . 404
Solving an Equation . . . . . . . . 405
The Dumb Hen . . . . . . . . . 406
19 Fictional Stories . . . . . . . . 407
Ghoneh . . . . . . . . . . 408
The Moroccan . . . . . . . . . 409
xiii
The Hunter . . . . . . . . . 410
Ghozeh . . . . . . . . . . 411
20 Translated Texts . . . . . . . . 412
The Old Man and the Sea . . . . . . . . 413
Hamlet . . . . . . . . . . 414
What Do I Tell Him . . . . . . . . . 416
Article 1 . . . . . . . . . . 418
21 Religious Texts . . . . . . . . . 419
Al-Ikhlas . . . . . . . . . . 420
Al-Nas . . . . . . . . . . 421
Al-Asr . . . . . . . . . . 423
Al-Fatiha . . . . . . . . . . 424
22 Poetry of Jubaadin . . . . . . . . 426
I Give her my Soul . . . . . . . . . 427
Our Town . . . . . . . . . 434
Parting Eyes . . . . . . . . . 438
I Promise You . . . . . . . . . 442
Next Eid . . . . . . . . . . 446
He Travelled . . . . . . . . . 450
Sugman . . . . . . . . . . 454
23 Extinct Words . . . . . . . . . 481
24 Etymological Dictionary . . . . . . . 486
Appendices
WNA Alphabet of Jubaadin . . . . . . . 672
Native Contributors . . . . . . . . 673
xiv
Figures and Diagrams
Fig. 1-1 Jubaadin’s mountain pass, škōka. 5
Fig. 1-2 Jubaadin’s Arkuba region in the afternoon. 5
Fig. 1-3 Jubaadin’s cemetery during the summer. 6
Fig. 1-4 One of Jubaadin’s hills. 6
Fig. 1-5 Jubaadin covered by snow and fog 7
Fig. 1-6 Jubaadin’s geographic location 7
Fig. 1-7 The Aramean Kingdoms 11
Fig. 1-8 Historical linguistic influences on the Aramaic and Arabic dialects of Syria. 11
Fig. 1-9 Major contributors to WNA vocabulary according to etymology. 19
Fig. 1-10 Minor contributors to WNA vocabulary. 20
Fig. 1-11 Evolution of Western Neo-Aramaic over time. 20
Fig. 1-12 Summer in Jubaadin. 21
Fig. 4-1 A quiet afternoon in Jubaadin. 81
Fig. 6-1 Rainbow 101
Fig. 10-1 Cats 169
Fig. 18-1 Safwat Silan 400
Fig. 18-2 Hens eating 406
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