As the economic crisis forces a new focus on long-term investment in institutions, it is essential that we recognize the contributions of America's great research universities to our national welfare. Though Americans and people throughout the world have become increasingly dependent upon American universities, few of us understand the extent to which they act as engines of change that affect our daily life. From discoveries that led to the laser, the global positioning system, the MRI, radar, and even Viagra, to predicting weather patterns, American research universities are one of our most essential sources of economic growth and social welfare. They have been a model of innovation throughout the world, and they can be used to solve the complex economic, social, scientific, technological, security, and medical problems that we face. In a transforming economic landscape, it is crucial that we support and nurture this powerful—yet underappreciated—national resource.