This book describes and explains the history of human population. It examines the changing patterns of its growth, and the effects upon it of migrations, wars, disease, technology and culture. Since its publication in 1992 it has become the most widely read account of the subject, valued for its contemporary recasting of theory, for its informative and accessible style, and for its reasoned treatment of issues crucial to the future of every species.

The book is now published in a fully revised edition, taking account of recent trends and research. The author provides a new account of the causes and consequences of European migration and colonization, and of the interactive influence of nature, place and space on settlement and population dynamics. He has revised his discussion of the relationship between development, affluence and population change.

The final chapters of the book have been entirely recast to give an extensive analysis of the carrying capacity of the planet in relation to a possible doubling of population during the next fifty years. The author examines the effects of changes in relative affluence and population growth on food production, resources and the natural environment.