Includes bibliographical references and index.

6

1 THE HERITAGE AND THE BACKGROUND
The Market and Its Significance 10 The Medieval Setting 12 The Laborer in the Early Modern Era 21 2 THE LABOR ECONOMICS OF ADAM SMITH
Conditioning Factors and Forces 38 Labor as a Productive Factor 41 Labor as a Measure and Source of Value 45 Labor as a Recipient of Income 49 Labor as a Human Condition 56 3 THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
The Ricardian Influence 63 Economic Theory versus Economic Policy 70 The Primacy of the Wage Problem 75 The Classical Economists and Trade Unionism 80 The Worker and Economic Progress 85 4 THE MARXIAN CRITIQUE
Sources and Influences 91 The Theory of Labor Alienation 95 The Theory of Labor Exploitation 100 Labor as a Force in History 107 A Postscript on Marxian Economics 109 5 MARGINALISM AND THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN WAGE THEORY
The Wages Fund Controversy 111 Marginalism and the Productivity of Labor 117 The Marshallian Synthesis 122 6 LABOR PROBLEMS AS AN APPLIED FIELD
The Background and the Environment 128 Some New Voices 131 The Economists and Organized Labor 140 Early Research in Labor Problems 142 The Emergence of Labor Courses 148 7 LABOR ECONOMICS AND THE INSTITUTIONALIST MOVEMENT
Institutionalism Foreshadowed 153 A New Specialty 156 From Problems to Process 160 The Labor Economists and Economic Theory 163 The Inclusiveness of Labor Economics 167 Labor Economics and Institutionalism in Perspective 172 8 ECONOMICS AND THE STUDY OF LABOR: THE MODERN SYNTHESIS
Some Prewar Precursors 177 The Postwar Environment: Wages and Unionism 183 Labor as Human Capital 192 Industrial Relations and the Interdisciplinary Heritage 197 The Quality of Modern Labor Economics 200 Notes 205 Index