This is the definitive critical history of science fiction. This new second edition has been revised thoroughly and very significantly expanded. All all-new final chapter discusses 21st-century science fiction, and there is new material in every chapter: a wealth of new readings and original research. The author's thesis that science fiction is born out of the 17th-century Reformation is here bolstered with a wide range of new supporting material and many hundreds of 17th- and 18th-century science fiction texts, some of which have never been discussed before. The account of 19th-century science fiction has been expanded, and the various chapters tracing the 20th-century bring in more writing by women, and science fiction in other media including cinema, TV, comics, fan culture and other modes.