Table of Contents

Acknowledgements............................................................................. vii-viii

Introduction................................................................................................ 1

Early Jewish Mysticism................................................................................ 1
Slavonic Pseudepigrapha.............................................................................. 6
2 Enoch and Early Jewish Mysticism............................................................... 9
What Threads to Consider?.......................................................................... 15

Part I: Evolution of the Roles and Titles of the Seventh Antediluvian
Hero in Mesopotamian, Enochic, and Merkabah Traditions...................... 21

Chapter 1: Roles and Titles of the Seventh Antediluvian Hero in Mesopotamian Traditions: The Case of King Enmeduranki...................... 23

Enmeduranki as the Diviner......................................................................... 29
Enmeduranki as the Expert in Secrets............................................................ 31
Enmeduranki as the Mediator....................................................................... 34
Enmeduranki as the Scribe.......................................................................... 36
Enmeduranki as the Priest........................................................................... 37

Chapter 2: Enoch’s Roles and Titles in Early Enochic Booklets ............... 42

Enoch as the Diviner.................................................................................. 43
Enoch as the Primeval Sage......................................................................... 47
Enoch as the Expert in Secrets...................................................................... 49
Enoch as the Scribe.................................................................................... 52
Scribe of Righteousness....................................................................... 56
Scribe of Distinction........................................................................... 58 Most Skilled Scribe?........................................................................... 59 Enoch as the Mediator................................................................................ 61
Mediation of Knowledge...................................................................... 63 Mediation of the Divine Judgment: Enoch’s Intercession for the Watchers...... 66 Mediation of the Divine Judgment: Enoch as Eschatological Witness............. 69 Enoch as the Heavenly Priest....................................................................... 72
Enoch’s Titles in the Similitudes................................................................... 78
“Righteous One”................................................................................ 79 “Anointed One”................................................................................. 80 “Chosen One”.................................................................................... 81 “Son of Man”.................................................................................... 82 Interdependence of the Four Titles and Their Identification with Enoch............................................................. 83

Chapter 3: Roles and Titles of Enoch-Metatron in Sefer
Hekhalot and Other Materials.................................................................... 89

The Name “Metatron”................................................................................ 95
1. “Old” Roles and Titles........................................................................... 100
Metatron as the Scribe.............................................................................. 100
Metatron as the Expert in Secrets................................................................ 104
Metatron as the Mediator........................................................................... 107
Mediation of Knowledge.................................................................... 108 Mediation of the Divine Judgment........................................................ 110
a. Intercession....................................................................... 110 b. Bearing Testimony............................................................. 112
Mediation of God’s Presence and Authority............................................ 115 Priestly and Liturgical Roles of Metatron...................................................... 116
2. “New” Roles and Titles......................................................................... 123
Metatron as the Prince of the Presence......................................................... 124 Metatron as the Prince of the World............................................................. 130 Metatron as Sar Torah.............................................................................. 133 Metatron as the Youth............................................................................... 136 Metatron as the Deity: Lesser YHWH.......................................................... 139 Metatron as the Measurer/Measure: God’s Shciur Qomah................................. 146 Conclusion............................................................................................. 149

Chapter 4: Roles and Titles of Enoch-Metatron in 2 Enoch…….......…... 151

1. “New” Roles and Titles......................................................................... 155
   Servant of the Face.................................................................................. 156
   Youth.................................................................................................... 160
   Governor of the World.............................................................................. 162
   God’s Vice-Regent?................................................................................. 164
   Heavenly Counterpart............................................................................... 168
   Prometaya.............................................................................................. 179
   
2. “Old” Roles and Titles........................................................................... 183
   Diviner.................................................................................................. 184
   Mediator................................................................................................ 187
   Mediation of the Divine Judgment............................................................... 187
   Mediation of the Divine Presence................................................................ 190
   Expert in the Secrets of Creation................................................................. 191
   Stones............................................................................................ 196
   Adoil and Arukhaz: Etymology of the Names.......................................... 200
   Priestly and Liturgical Roles...................................................................... 203
   Scribe.................................................................................................... 206
   Conclusion............................................................................................. 210

PART II: Polemical Developments and Their Role in the Evolution of Enoch’s Roles and Titles in the Slavonic Apocalypse.............................. 213

Chapter 5: Adamic Polemics in 2 Enoch and the Enoch-Metatron’s
Titles “Youth,” “Prince of the World,” “Redeemer of the World,” and “Measurer of the Lord”............................................................................ 215

The Function of the Adamic Tradition in 2 Enoch........................................... 215
King of the Earth..................................................................................... 219
Angelic Veneration.................................................................................. 223
Youth.................................................................................................... 226
The Hunger Motif.................................................................................... 230
The Motif of the Divine Face..................................................................... 231
Oil from the Tree of Life........................................................................... 233
“The One Who Carried Away the Sin of Humankind”...................................... 235
Enoch-Metatron’s Role as the “Measurer of the Lord”
and Shicur Qomah Tradition in 2 Enoch........................................................ 238
The Corporeality of the Protoplast........................................................ 240
From the Four Corners of the World...................................................... 243
The Measure of the Divine Body.......................................................... 248 Bodily Ascent.................................................................................. 251 Adam and Enoch: “Two Powers” in Heaven........................................... 252 Two Bodies Created According to the Likeness of a Third One................... 255 Conclusion............................................................................................. 256

Chapter 6: Mosaic Polemics in 2 Enoch and Enoch-Metatron’s
Title “Prince of the Face” ....................................................................... 259

Early Enochic Polemics Against Moses and His Revelation.............................. 259
Mosaic Counterattack............................................................................... 265
Mosaic Polemics in 2 Enoch: New Strategy................................................... 282
Imagery of the Face........................................................................... 284
"I am One Who Has Seen the Face of the Lord"....................................... 288 The Danger Motif............................................................................. 290 Mosaic Idiom of Standing and the Sar Happanim Imagery......................... 291 Luminous Face of Enoch.................................................................... 293 Imagery of the Hand.......................................................................... 296 Enoch's Revelation: New Genesis?....................................................... 298 The Torah of Enoch........................................................................... 299
Transmission of Enoch's Scriptures and the Community of the Text............. 300 Junior Replica of the Translated Patriarch: Rabbinic and Hekhalot Evidence........ 304
Conclusion............................................................................................. 308

Chapter 7: Noachic Polemics and the Date of 2 Enoch............................ 309

Noah's Sacrifices..................................................................................... 311
Noah as the Originator of Sacrificial Instruction............................................. 313
Noah and Divine Revelations..................................................................... 315
Noah as the Bridge Over the Flood.............................................................. 317
The Birth of Noah.................................................................................... 319
Noah's Son............................................................................................. 322
Purpose of the Polemics............................................................................ 323
Debates About the Date............................................................................. 325
Noachic Polemics and the Date of the Text.................................................... 336

Conclusion............................................................................................... 341

Bibliography…….……………………........................…………............. 343
Reference Works..................................................................................... 343
Primary Sources Including Translations........................................................ 344
Secondary Literature................................................................................ 347

Appendix: List of the Manuscripts of 2 Enoch and Their Sigla …........... 363

Index of Sources...................................................................................... 364

Modern Author Index.............................................................................. 365

Subject Index........................................................................................... 366