An edition of Inside cultures
(2012)
Inside cultures
a new introduction to cultural anthropology
by William L. Balée
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"New ways of viewing culture require new approaches to anthropology textbooks. This concise, contemporary, and inexpensive alternative option for instructors of cultural anthropology breaks away from the traditional structure of introductory textbooks. Emphasizing the interplay of complexity and subsistence,the interaction between humans and their environment, the tension between human universals and cultural variation, and the impacts of colonialism on traditional cultures, William Balees new textbook shows students how cultural anthropology can help us understand the complex, globalized world around us. Personal stories of the author's fieldwork in Amazonia, sidebars with fascinating cases of cultures in action, timelines, and other pedagogical elements enliven the text for undergraduate readers"--
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Inside cultures: a new introduction to cultural anthropology
2016, Left Coast Press, Inc.
in English
- Second edition.
1629582557 9781629582559
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Inside cultures: a new introduction to cultural anthropology
2012, Left Coast Press
in English
1598746057 9781598746051
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Machine generated contents note: List of Sidebars and Timelines
Prologue
Chapter 1: The Study of Us
Overview
Cultural Anthropology and General Anthropology
The Species Known as "Us"
The Four Fields
Cultural Anthropology
Ethnography and Participant Observation
Ethnology
Ethnohistory
Enculturation and Cultural Relativism
Physical Anthropology
Studying Human Origins and Evolution
What New Fossils Say
What Genes Can Tell Us
Anthropological Archaeology
Linguistic Anthropology
Holism and the Four Fields
Culture and change
Anthropology and Related Disciplines
Summary
Chapter 2: Sociocultural Universals
Overview
Eleven Universals
Sociality
Concepts of Human Relatedness
The Capacity for Culture
Cumulative Culture
The Capacity for Language
Animal Communication
Attributes of Language
Transmission of Culture: Enculturation and Diffusion
Religion and Art
Rules Governing Behavior
The Notion of Taboo
The Incest Taboo
Ethnocentrism
Sex and Gender
Age Categories
Economy and Exchange
Reciprocity
Thinking about and Classifying the Environment
Basic Color Terms
Names for Flora and Fauna
Summary
Chapter 3: Cultural Variation
Overview
Variation in Key Cultural Institutions
Naming Practices
Kinds of Names
Name Sharing
The Life Cycle
Birth Rites
Rites of Initiation
Sodalities and Hazing
Diverse Taboos
Food Taboos
Contact and Verbal Taboos
Enculturation in Different Societies
Manifestations of Ethnocentrism
Race and Racism
Variation on Gender
Religious Beliefs and Organizations
Animism and Totemism
Individualistic Religious Behavior
Communal Religious Behavior
Shamanic Religious Behavior
Ecclesiastical Religious Behavior
Cosmologies and Explanations of the Unknown
Economic Variation
Redistribution
Taxation
Diversity of Emic Classifications
Summary
Chapter 4: Where Anthropology Comes From
Overview
The Eighteenth Century
The Enlightenment in Europe and North America
The Nineteenth Century
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Museums
The Early Twentieth Century
Franz Boas (1858-1942) and the Boasian Research Program
Challenging Unilinear Cultural Evolution
Cultural Relativism
Culture Areas
Salvage Ethnography
Patterns and Configurations of Culture
Women's Dress Fashions
Forgotten Geniuses
Culture and Personality
The Problem of Reductionism
Community Studies
Social Anthropology in Europe
An Exception to Economic Man
The Organization of Primitive Society
Structural-Functionalism
Summary
Chapter 5: Contemporary Theory and Method
Overview
Modernity
Cultural Evolution in a New Guise
Social and Cultural Anthropology
Social Structure and Totemism
Ecological and Materialist Theories
Postmodernity
Late 20th -Century Debates
Culture as Text
Anthropological Sciences vs. Humanist Trends
Current Methods and Issues in Cultural Anthropology
Participation Observation Revisited
Preparations for Fieldwork
Arrival Scenes
Psychological Adjustments
Emics and Etics, Observations and Interviews
Ethnographic Writing
Specific Tools
Demographic Sampling and Other Preliminaries
Studying the Past: Documentary Analysis
Studying the Past: Oral History
Visual Anthropology
Time Allocation
Freelisting
Summary
Chapter 6: The Basics of Human Social Organization
Overview
One Species, Two Sexes
The Sexual Division of Labor
Gender and Marriage
How and Why People Get Married
Usual Marriage Forms
Contracting of Marriage
Bridewealth
Brideservice
Dowry
Postmarital Residence
Unilocal and Neolocal Forms
Virilocal and Uxorilocal Residence
Descent Rules
The Atom of Kinship
A Minimal Society Constructed from Kinship
The Classification of Relatives
Hawaiian and Sudanese
Eskimo
Summary
Chapter 7: Origins and Development of Complex Societies
Overview
The Segmentary Model of Society
Social and Political Differentiation
Egalitarianism
The Concept of Equality
Ranking
Big Men
Stratification
Theories of the State
Minimal Complexity
Complexification
Voluntarism
Compulsion
Hydraulic theory
Multilinear evolution
Environmental circumscription
Features of Complexity
Centralization of Authority
Expansion and Contraction
Summary
Chapter 8: Ecology, Landscape, and Culture Overview
Environmental Impacts of Humans and Their Ancestors
Pleistocene Overkill?
The Impact of Agriculture on World Landscapes
The Impact of Hunter-Gatherers on World Landscapes
Hunter-Gatherers: Simple vs. Complex
Simple Hunter-Gatherers
Complex Hunter-Gatherers
Agrarian Society
Agriculture
Extensive Agriculture
The Tropics
Temperate North America
Forest Islands of West Africa
Intensive Agriculture
Nomadic Pastoralism
Industrial Agriculture
Summary
Chapter 9: Colonialism and the World System
Overview
What Is Colonialism?
The World System
The Expansion of Europe
Europe and the Americas
The Atlantic Slave Trade
Effects of Colonialism Elsewhere
The Worldwide Rise of Money and Capital Markets
Money and Empire
Emergence of New Ethnic Identities during Colonialism
Religious Transformations
Ethnic Nationalism
Acculturation
Diasporas
Construction of Ethnic Identity
Primordialism
Summary
Chapter 10: Collapse and Change
Overview
Complexity and Its Discontents
Loss of Complexity and Collapse
Overshoot as Explanation
Revolt and Rebellion as Explanation
Climate Change as Explanation
Conquest and Colonialism as Explanation
Foragers and Farmers
The Wild Yam Question
How People Lose Agriculture
Summary
Chapter 11: Applications of Cultural Anthropology
Overview
Applied Anthropology
Who Benefits?
Military Applications
Cultural Anthropology in World War II
Counterinsurgency Efforts during the Cold War
Embedding Anthropologists and the Human Terrain System
Methodologies of Applied Anthropology
Participant-Intervention
New Methods
Specific Applications
Medical Applications
Food Security and Overnutrition Applications
Ethnotourism and Ecotourism
Aiding Cooperatives
Summary
Chapter 12: Globalization and Indigeneity
Overview
Globalization
The Meaning of Globalization
Earlier Kinds of Globalization?
The Twenty-First Century
Follow the Money
Globalization and Cultural Anthropology
Indigeneity
Definitions
Resurgence
Challenges to the Concept of Indigeneity
Indigeneity, Globalization, and Language Loss
Indigeneity and the Right to Land and Work
Indigeneity and Landscapes
Living Artifacts, Living Landscapes
Cultural Anthropology as Transduction
Summary
Epilogue
Glossary
References
Index
About the Author.
Edition Notes
Includes bibliographical references.
Classifications
The Physical Object
ID Numbers
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History
- Created March 15, 2012
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