CONTENTS.

CHAPTER THE FIRST.

ST. PETER'S CONNEXION WITH ROME.

Statements relative to St. Peter and the Popes to be examined in this work — Necessity of this examination at the present period — Who first denied St. Peters visit to Rome — Occasion of the denial — Repeated by some heretics, but successfully combated by Catholic and anti-Catholic writers of celebrity. — Proofs of St. Peter's visit to Rome from the Fathers of the first five centuries — Reason assigned for this visit. — Simon Magus — His character — Neander's observations regarding him refuted. — Local proofs of St Peter's visit to Rome — The Tullian or Mamertine prison — House of Pudens — Altar — Chains — Place of martyrdom — Tomb — Church called Domino qud vadis — Argument derived from St. Peter's Epistle written at Babylon — Burton's acknowledgment — Dollinger's reconciliation of scripture and chronology — Arguments against St. Peter's visit, mainly resultant from an ignorance of the state of the question — Conclusion.

Nature, object, and division of this work 1

Marsilius first denied St Peter's Journey to Rome 3

Opposed by a host of writers 4

The Fathers believed in St Peter's visit 5

Papias and Clement of Alexandria 5

Caius and Denis of Corinth 7

Irenseus and Tertullian 8

Origen and Lactantius 9

St Peter of Alexandria and St. Optatus 10

St. Jerome and Rufinus 11

SS. Austin and Chrysostom, and Theodoret 12

Popes Innocent and Gelasius 13

St. Peter went to Rome to oppose Magus 14

Account of this man by Justin 11

Tertullian, Vincent of Lerins, and Amobius 15

St. Clement of Alexandria and Parian 16

SS. Epiphanius, Ambrose, and Philastrius 17

Refutation of Neander's hypothesis 18

Local traditions at Rome relative to St. Peter's death, &c 19

Burton's admissions 20

His difficulty explained 24

Dollinger's observations 25

Further proofs derived from St.

Mark's gospel 26

St. Clement's and Papias' evidence 26

St. Jerome and Eusebius 27

The word Babylon in St. Mark's gospel, means Rome 28

Admitted even by Protestants 30

CHAPTER THE SECOND.

ST. PETER WAS BISHOP OF ROME AND HEAD OF THE CHURCH.

St Peter was Bishop of Rome — Proved — 1. From the names of the Roman See — 2. From the appeals of the Fathers to the Prelates of this See — 3. From the Liberian, Pauline, and other catalogues of every age. — St Peter was not only Bishop of Rome, but the Head of the Church — Proved from the words of Christ, and the concurrent testimony of the Fathers — An objection answered — Summary of the opinions and belief of the Fathers : — This summary presents to the Christian overwhelming evidence of the point in question.

St. Peter, Bishop of Rome 34

Proved from the Catalogues, preserved by the Fathers 35

St. Irenaeus 35

Tertullian 37

(*) Nullity of the Anglican pretence to Apostolicity 37

Eusebius and Epiphanius 39

SS. Austin and Optatus 40

St. Jerome 41

Liberian Catalogue 41

Mural Catalogue in St. Paul's 43

St. Peter, Head of the Church, —

Bossuet's Observations 45

Scriptural proof from S. Matthew xvi, 15-17 47

And from S. John xxi, 15-17 52

Patristic Evidence: — St. Irenaeus 53

Tertullian, and Origen 54

St. Cyprian 65

SS. James of Nisibis, and Optatus 57

SS. Ephrem and Ambrose 58

S. Jerome 59

SS. Chrysostom and Augustine 60

(*) Observations on S. Augustine's Retraction 61

St. Isidore of Pelusium 62

SS. Andrew of Caesarea, Cyril of Alex., Chrysologus and Leo 63

Synopsis of the Titles applied to St. Peter 65

CHAPTER THE THIRD.

PRIMACY OF THE POPES — THE SUCCESSORS OF ST. PETER IN THE ROMAN SEE.

The Church to exist on one, because originally bsed on one — The Roman Pontiff, the Successor of St. Peter, is the foundation, the basis of the Church in all times. — The Protestant mode of proving the Prelacy proves the Primacy too. — The existence of the Popedom is, all circumstances considered, a proof of its divinity. — The Primacy further proved by a cloud of ecclesiastical witnesses — By notorious facts showing how the Popes exercised their power in the East and West in the Paschal, Baptismal, Arian, Nestorian, Pelagian, and other Controversies — Proved again by the Convocation &c. of Councils — And by the Appeals made to Rome by the East and West, both by Catholics and men of Heterodox principles. — Summary of Evidence, all in favour of Rome, nothing in favour of Anglican pretensions. — Not as much extrinsic Evidence for several books of the New Testament as for the Primacy of Rome. — Definition of the Council of Florence ; and declaration contained in the profession of faith of Pope Pius.

The Church to exist as originally constituted 68

Object of the Supremacy, and its perpetuity 69

The Popes recognised as the Successors of St. Peter 70

S. Clement and Hennas 71

S. Ignatius 72

SS. Irenseus and Cyprian 74

SS. Hilary and Damasus 76

St. Ambrose 77

SS. Siricius, Anastasius, and Jerome 78

SS. Chrysostom and Innocent 80

St Austin 82

SS. Cyril of Alex, and Celestine 83

S. Boniface 84

Sixth Council of Carthage 85

Theodoret, St Peter Chrysol. Vincent of Lerins 86

St. Leo and the Bishops of Tarragon 87

The Supremacy proved from the Paschal Controversy 88

From the Controversy on Baptism 90

From the Arian Controversy 91

Eastern Prelates restored by the Roman Bishop 93

Heretics and Infidels even acquainted with the fact of Rome's Supremacy 95

The Synod of Nice convened by Silvester 97

The Fathers at Constantinople subject to the Pope 99

As also those at the Council of Ephesus 101

And at Chalcedon 103

Pope Leo refuses to approve of the elevation of the See of Constantinople 105

The evidence of Antiquity favourable to Rome's Supremacy alone 107

Summary of the Evidence adduced 109

Consequence of rejecting this Evidence 110

St. Bernard's opinion of the Popedom 112

Decree of the C. of Florence, and Declaration of Pius IV 112

CHAPTER THE FOURTH.

UNION WITH ROME IS ESSENTIAL: WITHOUT IT THERE CAN BE NO CATHOLICITY.

Necessity of Union with Rome — This a consequence of previous statements — Proved by many striking passages from the Fathers. — By virtue of this union alone, is any Church entitled to the name of Catholic. — Protestantism not Catholic in any sense.

None Catholics, but those who are subject to Rome 114

Observations of St Optatus 115

St Ambrose 118

St. Jerome and John of Constantinople 119

SS. Augustine and Pacian 120

Countries in Communion with Rome, Catholic 121

CHAPTER THE FIFTH.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE BRITISH CHURCH.

The British Church from its origin, Catholic — Recent denials of this futile — Many British documents destroyed — Cause of this — Details on this point — The arguments of Burgess, Stillingfleet, and Palmer in favor of an independent British Church, absolutely null and void. — History of the Origin and Establishment of the British Church, derived from Bede, Llyver Teilo, and Triads , — British Prelates at Arles and Sardica, in union with the Pope and the rest of Christendom. — Rise of Pelagianism. History of Pelagius — his country, doctrines, condemnation and wanderings. — Messengers sent to Britain to crush the heresy — History of Germanus. — Answers to modem objections relative to this Mission. — Withdrawal of the Roman Legions from Britain — Sad results both to Church and State on this event and the rebellion of the Saxons. — Who these were — Still continuous evidence of the faith and dependence of Britain down to the establishment of the Saxon Dynasty.

Mode of discovering the exact character of the British Church 123

Cause of the scarcity of direct evidence 124

No Church here before the year 179 126

V. Bede's account of the introduction of Christianity 128

King Lucius and his people baptized 129

Account of the origin of Christianity, in the Triads 131

British Prelates at Arles 133

Kept Easter with Rome, Offered up the Mass, &c 134

British Prelates at Sardica, in Communion with Rome 135

Trials of Britain, — Pelagius 137

S. Germanus is sent by Pope Celestine, to put down Pelagianism 140

His proceedings, and the evidences of his missio 141

Second visit of St Germanus, and its results 144

Origin of Britain's calamities 144

The Saxons nearly overthrow Christianity in Britain 146

Continued proofs of the dependence of the British Church on Rome 147

The Britons retire into Wales : the Saxons take their places 149

CHAPTER THE SIXTH.

HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRISTIANITY AMONG THE SAXONS.

Pope Gregory's anxiety to convert the Saxons — Origin of this anxiety. — Sends Augustine and others to convert them. — Journey of the Missioners — The instructions given them — Arrangements for the establishment of the Hierarchy. — Arrival of the Missioners — Their reception — Zeal — Conversion of the king and others. — Conduct of the Missioners — Conference of Augustine and the British Prelates — Results — The British Church not independent — Even if it had claimed to be so, Anglicanism cannot thence derive any argument in favour of the Establishment. — The Anglo-Saxon Church — Its history one continuous proof of Rome's Supremacy.

St. Gregory wishes to convert the I He sends Augustine and several Saxons 152. other monks into England 153

Writes letters in behalf of the Missioners 154

Augustine arrives and preaches before King Ethelbert 155

Ethelbert's kindness 157

He is converted 159

Gregory's letters on receiving the joyful intelligence 160

His regulations regarding the hierarchy 161

Augustine's conference with the British Prelates 164

He works a miracle in proof of his mission 165

Displeasure of the Britons, — its cause 166

Foolish defence of the refractory Britons 168

Illogical inferences 175

Doctrines and practices of the Britons 177

Augustine consecrates several Prelates 178

Justus is made Archbishop and receives the pall 179

Conversion of Edwin 180

Pope Honorius' letter 180

Troubles of Paulinus 182

Frithona, the first native Archbishop of Canterbury 183

Kings write to Rome for fresh Bishops 184

Pope Vitalian's letter and presents 185

Archbishop Theodore 186

His titles 187

Disputes between Theodore and St. Wilfrid 188

Appeals to Rome 188

Brithwald's disputes with St Wilfrid 190

Wilfrid goes to Rome — his success 191

Letter of Pope Agatho, and its results 191

Fresh arrangements in the hierarchy, by Pope Gregory III 192

Litchfield made an Archbishopric 193

Decree of the Synod of Cloveshoe 194

The Archbishops obliged to go to Rome for the pall 196

Tatwine and Egbert go for their pall 198

Jambert is made Archbishop 200

Papal Legates at the Council of Calcuith 201

Distinction between the regal and pontifical power 201

Doctrines advocated at the Council of Calcuith 203

Results of the incursion of the Danes 206

Alfred is anointed by Leo IV, at Rome 207

Peter-penee 208

The Pope threatens to excommunicate England 209

The same threat uttered against King Edward 210

Ethelred goes to Rome to prove his innocence 212

His sudden death 213

Odo refuses the Archbishopric of Canterbury 214

Cause of this refusal 214

Odo's constitutions in reference to the kingly and priestly power 216

Account of Elfin's death, on his way to Rome 218

Dunstan's zeal in reforming the Clergy 219

John XII seconds the Archbishop's endeavours 221

Dunstan's death 222

Alfric — his character and reformations 225

Archbishop Elphige is murdered by the Danes 227

The Anglo-Saxon lament 228

Canute's piety : he repairs to Rome 230

The Confessor's vow, commuted by Leo IX 235

Archbishop Roberts is persecuted, and appeals to Rome 236

Stigand is suspended 237

William the Conqueror, solicits the Pontiff to send a Legate to England 239

The doctrinal system of the Anglo-Saxons 240

Misrepresentations of modem writers 250

CHAPTER THE SEVENTH.

HISTORY OF THE CHURCH IN ENGLAND FROM THE NORMAN INVASION DOWN TO THE YEAR 1534.

Continuous proofs of the dependence of the Church in England on Rome, from the Norman invasion down to the year 1534 — This dependence evident from every Archiepiscopal appointment ; from the appeals of kings, bishops and monks, and from the unvarying conduct of the Popes — Evident too from the doctrines openly professed : these doctrines the same as are now professed by the Catholic Church — Separation when and how, and by whom effected — Result — Conclusion of the work.

Subjection of the Conqueror to the Holy See 251

Lanfranc made Archbishop, and goes to Rome 252

The Conqueror is reproved by S. Gregory VII 253

Death of Lanfranc 255

Anselm appointed Archbishop 256

Unworthy conduct of William Rufus 256

Anselm refuses the pall, from the King's hands 257

He goes to Rome : seizure of the temporalities of the Church by Rufus 258

Anselm at the C. of Bari; his learning 259

The Pope threatens Rufus 259

Negotiations between the Papal and English Courts 260

Anselm returns to England 260

Struggles about investiture 261

Excommunications and threats 264

Anselm dies 264

The Irish Church subject to Canterbury 265

The Pope reluctantly assents to Radulph's appointment to Canterbury 266

The Archiepiscopal oath 267

English Prelates at the C. of Rheims 269

Honours paid to the Papal Legate 270

Innocent II sends his Legate into England 271

Elevation of the Bishop of Winchester, to the dignity of Legate 272

The plan to involve Canterbury in difficulties 273

Theobald refuses to crown Stephen's son 274

St. Thomas & Becket 275

The Pope gives Ireland to Henry II, conditionally 276

Consecration of St. Thomas 277

Origin and nature of this Saint's troubles: Constitutions of Clarendon 279

Noble conduct of the French King 281

The Pope condemns the Constitutions 282

King Henry's revenge 282

St. Thomas refuses to absolve the excommunicated : his death 284

Remorse of Henry and the Murderers 285

Canonization of & Becket : Miracles 287

His feast, ordered to be observed 288

Pontifical instructions 289

English Bishops at the C. of Lateran 290

Appeals to Rome by the monks of Canterbury; the result 291

The Bishop of Ely made Legate, at King Richard's request 293

He is persecuted ; but defended by the Pope 293

Hubert crowns King Richard 294

He resigns his secular offices, at the Pontiff's command 295

Langton is made Archbishop by Pope Innocent 296

King John opposes him ; and the kingdom is laid under an interdict 297

Deposition of John: observations on the deposing power 298

John seeks to be reconciled to the Pontiff 299

Makes England tributary to Rome 300

Magna Charta 301

Innocent's displeasure with the Barons : its grounds 302

Langton suspended by the Pope 302

The King writes to Rome to oppose the appointment of Hemesham 304

Result of this appeal and of Wethershead's 304

Edmund, prebendary of Sarum, appointed Archbishop 305

His trials and character 306

The acts of the Synod of Lambeth, sent to Rome 308

Respectful language of all orders to the Pope 309

Grosstete 310

His ideas of the papal power 311

English Prelates at the C. of Lyons 312

Peckham made Archbishop: his character 312

His instructions to the Clergy, and firmness 313

In obedience to the Pope, he communicates to Edward the Pontifical threat 315

Honorius IV refuses King Edward atenth 315

The Bishop of Hereford's appeal against Peckham 316

The Scotch wish to shake off the English yoke, and appeal to Pope Boniface 318

Boniface's letter to the English Sorereign 318

Reply of the King and Council 319

The Pontiff 's rejoinder 321

The Clergy are forbidden hy Pope Nicholas IV, to grant the tenths to the King 322

The King displeased, but relents, and restores to the Church its liberties 323

Pontifical favours lavished on Archbishop Reynolds 324

Edward asks the Pope to diminish the number of Irish Bishoprics 324

The Templars are condemned by Pope Clement 325

The statute, Articuli Cleri: its objects 325

Edward seeks to quell the Irish rebellion, through the Pope 326

O'Niel's explanations to John XXII, and the result 327

The monks of Canterbury appeal against Mepham 328

Edward appeals in vain against some Pontifical appointments 330

The King's letter to Clement VI. 332

Islip, Archbishop 333

The Lollards and Wy cliff, condemned 333

Wycliffe retracts ; and dies 335

The enemies of Lylde are excommunicated by the Pope 336

Sudbury, formerly chaplain to Innocent VI, Archbishop 338

Fidelity of England to the rightful Pontiff, during the great schism 338

Appeals to Rome, by several Bishops, against Archbishop Courtney 341

Important transactions relating to the schism 343

Rome rescinds the privileges conferred on Oxford 344

English Prelates at the C. of Constance 345

Regulations of Pope Martin, regarding non-residents 346

The Pontiff reproaches Chichley, for not opposing the royal wishes 347

Chichley is disgraced; but the King and Bishops write in his behalf 348

England sides with Pope Eugenius against the C. of Basle 349

Eugenius convenes a Council at Ferrara: English Prelates assist 350

Recantation of the Bishop of Chichester 354

St. Andrew's and Glasgow made Archbishoprics 355

Letter of Pope Sixtus, relative to the affairs of England 356

The Clergy taxed, by permission of the Pontiff 358

Papal favours conferred on Henry VII 358

Language used on the delivery of the Pall 359

Warham is made Archbishop: his character 360

Papal grants to England 361

Henry VIII. made Defender of the Faith 362

His arguments against Luther 362

Bull of Leo X. to Henry 365

Cranmer takes the usual oaths at his consecration 366

Anglicanism established 367

The King made Supreme in Church matters 368

The mark of Unity destroyed by the new Church 371

No consistency of principle and conduct 372

Sanctity forfeited 375

And Apostolidty 376

Anglican jurisdiction, derived only from the Grown 377

Catholicity forfeited 378

Catholicity the only divine system of faith 382

Consistency leads to Catholicity 383