An edition of History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church
(1907)
History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church
Volume 2
by Lea, Henry Charles, 1825-1909
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The history of sacerdotal celibacy in the Christian church
1907, Macmillan company
in English
- 3d ed., rev
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Book Details
Table of Contents
CONTENTS VOLUME II
XXIV. THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
Demoralisation of the sacerdotal body 1
1418 Futile efforts of the Council of Constance 3
1422 Efforts of Martin V. 6
Undiminished conniption and symptoms of revolt 7
1423 — 1430 The Council of Basle attempts a reform 10
Impotence of the Basilian canons — Venality of the papal court 13
1484—1500 Condition of the Church in Italy, France, England, Spain, Germany, and Hungary 15
1486 Relaxation of monastic discipline 22
1476 John of Nicklaushausen 24
Sacerdotal marriage advocated as a remedy 27
1479 John of Oberwesel 28
1485 Heresy of Jean Laillier 29
XXV. THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY
Irreverential spirit of the sixteenth century 31
1510 Complaints of the Germans against the Church 32
Immobility of the Church 33
Popular movement — Luther and Erasmus 35
1518 Official opposition to the abuses of the Church 37
1517 — 1520 Luther neglects the question of celibacy — his gradual progress 39
1521 First examples of sacerdotal marriage 42
Approved by Carlostadt — Disapproved by Luther 43
1522 Zwingli demands sacerdotal marriage — Luther adopt; it 45
1523 Efforts of the Church to repress the movement 47
Popular approbation— Protection in high quarters 49
1523 — 1524 Emancipation of nuns and monks 50
1525 Marriage of Luther 51
Causes of popular acquiescence in the change 53
Extreme immorality of the clergy — Papal Dispensations 54
Admitted by the Catholics to justify heresy 56
1522 — 1526 Erasmus advocates clerical marriage 61
Assistance from ambition of temporal princes 62
1530 Efforts at reunion — Confession of Augsburg 64
Failure of reconciliation — League of Schmalkalden 67
The Anabaptists 68
1532 — 1540 Partial toleration — Difficulties concerning the Abbey lands 70
1541 Attempt at reconciliation 71
1548 The Interim — Sacerdotal marriage tolerated 73
1552 The Reformation established by the Transaction of Passau 75
XXVI. THE ANGLICAN CHURCH
Conservative tendencies of England 77
1500—1523 John Colet and Sir Thomas More 78
1524 Difficulties of the situation — Wolsey undertakes the destruction of monachism 81
1528 General suppression of the smaller houses 83
1532 Henry VIII.'s quarrel with Rome 85
1535 General visitation of monasteries, and suppression of most of them 86
Popular opinions — The Beggars' Petition 90
1536 Popular discontent — The Pilgrimage of Grace 94
1537 — 1546 Final suppression of the religious houses and foundations 95
Fate of their inmates 101
1535 — 1541 Irish monastic establishments destroyed 102
Henry still insists on celibacy 107
Efforts to procure its relaxation 108
1537 Uncertainty of the subject in the public mind 109
1539 Henry's firmness — Act of the Six Articles 111
Persecution of the married clergy 112
1540 Modification of the Six Articles 115
1547 Accession of Edward VI. — Repeal of the Six Articles 116
1548 — 1549 Full liberty of marriage accorded to the clergy 118
Armed opposition of the people 119
1552 Adoption of the Forty- two Articles 121
Difficulty of removing popular convictions 122
1553 Accession of Queen Mary — Legislation of Edward repealed 123
1554 The married clergy separated and deprived 124
Suffering of the clergy in consequence 128
England reconciled to Rome — Church lands not recalled 129
1555 Cardinal Pole's Legatine Constitutions 132
1557 More stringent legislation required — Revival of the old troubles 133
1558 Accession of Queen Elizabeth 135
1559 Delay in authorismg marriage — Uncertainty of the married clergy 137
Elizabeth yields but imposes degrading restrictions on clerical marriage 139
1563 Thirty-nine Articles — Increased emphasis of permission to marry 140
Elizabeth maintains her prejudices 141
Disrepute of sacerdotal marriage — Evil effects on the Anglican clergy 145
XXVII. CALVINISM
1512 Lefevre d'Etaples 150
1559—1640 The Huguenot Churches 151
The Reformation in Scotland 1 54
Corruption of the Scottish Church in the sixteenth century 155
1542 — 1559 Efforts at internal reform — their fruitlessness 158
Marriage assumed, as a matter of course by the Protestants 160
Temporal motives assisting the Reformation 161
Poverty of the Scottish Church establishment 163
Influence of celibacy on the struggle 1 66
1560 No formal recognition of clerical marriage thought necessary 169
XXVIII. THE COUNCIL OF TRENT
1524 — 1536 Efforts at internal reform 171
Universal demand for a general council — Convoked at Mantua in 1536 179
1542 — 1547 Assembles at Trent — it labours to separate, not to reunite the churches 180
1551 — 1552 Reassembles at Trent — is again broken up 181
1562 Again assembles for the last time 182
1536 Paul III. essays an internal reform without result 183
1548 Charles V. tries to reform the German Church 185
1548 — 1551 Local reformatory synods — their failure 187
1560 Clerical marriages demanded as a last resort 192
Clerical corruption urged as the reason 193
1563 The French court joins in the demand 197
1560 The question prejudged 198
1562 — 1563 Negotiations for priestly marriage and Communion in both Elements 200
1563 The council makes celibacya point of faith 203
Attempts a reformation 204
1563 — 1564 The German princes continue their efforts 206
Essays of Cassander and Wicelius 210
Successful opposition of Philip II 216
1566 Peremptory action of Pius V 217
XXIX. THE POST-TREDENTINE CHURCH
Reception of the Council of Trent except in France 221
1566 — 1572 Pius V. endeavours to effect a reform 223
1568— 1570 Labours of St. Charles Borromeo at Milan 227
1565 — 1597 Reforms vainly attempted by Italian councils 229
1569 — 1668 Condition of the church in Central Europe 231
Provisions for the children of priests 232
Clerical immorality still a justification of heresy 233
1560 — 1624 Condition of the Church in France 235
The residence of women conceded 239
Celebration of Mass by Concubinarians 240
The Church in the Spanish Colonies 245
XXX. SOLICITATION
Abuse of the Confessional prior to the Reformation 251
Heretic attacks call for more vigorous action 254
1547 — 1761 Introduction of Confessionals 255
1559 — 1561 Jurisdiction conferred on the Spanish Inquisition — Its activity 257
Resistance of the Regular Orders 260
Difficulty of defining the Crime 261
1622 Bull of Gregory XV., Universi Dominici Gregis 264
Tardy acceptance by Spain — Rejection by France and Germany 265
Solicitation becomes merely a technical offence — Indecency in the Confessional 267
Duty of Penitents to denounce Offenders 270
Absolution of Partners in Guilt 271
Demand for name of Accomplice in Sin 276
Passive Solicitation — Flagellation 277
Results of the papal Decrees — France, Germany, Italy, Spain — Favour shown to the Accused 279
Avenues of escape open 285
Mildness of punishment 287
Spontaneous Self-Accusation 291
Preponderance of culprits in the Religious Orders 294
Divorce of Morals and Religion — Absolution facilitated 295
XXXI. THE CHURCH AND THE REVOLUTION
Sacerdotal marriage obsolete — Grandier, Du Pin, Bossuet 297
1758 — 1800 The eighteenth century — Controversy reopened 298
1783 Joseph II. proposes to permit sacerdotal marriage 300
1760 — 1787 Clerical immorality undiminished 301
1789 The French Revolution 306
1789 — 1790 Confiscation of church property — Suppression of monachism 309
1791 Celibacy deprived of legal protection — Marriage of priests 310
1793 Marriage becomes a test of good citizenship 311
Persecution of the unmarried clergy 314
Resistance of the great body of the clergy 815
1795—1797 Married clergy repudiated by their bishops 316
1801 Celibacy restored by the Concordat 318
1801 — 1807 Clerical marriage continues — Napoleon decides against it 320
XXXII. THE CHURCH OF TO-DAY
1815 — 1883 Vacillating policy in France as to clerical marriage 322
1821 — 1866 Various movements in favour of clerical marriage 323
Immobility of the Church 326
1878 The Old Catholics adopt clerical marriage 329
Civil marriage laws opposed by the Church 330
1820 — 1867 Suppression of monastic orders 335
Influence of celibacy on clerical morality 339
Solicitation in modern times 342
Influence of celibacy on the social organisation 358
Index 365
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