An edition of Selected Materials from Critical Thinking
(2004)
Selected Materials from Critical Thinking
Chaffey College
7th Edition
by Brooke Noel Moore and Richard Burl Parker
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Critical thinking includes a variety of deliberative processes aimed at making wise decisions about what to believe and do, processes that center on evaluation of arguments but include much more. We believe the best way to teach critical thinking is to integrate logic, both formal and informal, with a variety of skills and topics useful in making sound decisions about claims, actions, and practices—and to make it all palatable by presenting it in real life contexts. This book is chatty in tone—the author of another critical thinking text griped about this (his book certainly does not have the problem)—but it doesn't duck important issues.
Publish Date
2004 - by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Publisher
McGraw-Hill - Learning Solutions
Language
English
Pages
561
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Selected Materials from Critical Thinking: Chaffey College
2004 - by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., McGraw-Hill - Learning Solutions
Paperback; spiral
in English
- 7th Edition
0077497961 9780077497965
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Book Details
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
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PART 1 Claims and Credibility
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Chapter 1 Thinking Critically: It Matters
Basic Critical Thinking Skills 3
Issues 4
Arguments 5
Misconceptions About Arguments 6
Recognizing Arguments 7
Identifying Issues 9
Factual Issues Versus Nonfactual Issues 11
Relativism and Subjectivism 13
Relevance Rhetoric and Keeping a Clear Head 14
Concepts and Terms 16
Advice 18
Recap 18
Exercises 20
Writing Exercises 40
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Chapter 2 Critical Thinking and Clear Writing 41
Organization and Focus 42
Principles of Organization 42
Good Writing Practices 44
Essay Types to avoid 45
Clarity in Writing 47
Defining Terms 48
Ambiguous Claims 53
Vague Claims 63
Claims That Make Comparisons 64
Persuasive Writing 74
Writing in a Diverse Society 75
Recap 78
Additional Exercises 80
Writing Exercises 82
Assessing the Content of the Claim 87
Does the Claim Conflict with our Personal Observations 87
Does the Claim Conflict with our Background Information 91
Assessing the Credibility of Sources 94
The News Media 99
Reporting the News 101
Who Listens to the News 103
The Internet 106
Advertising 106
Recap 111
Exercises 112
Writing Exercises 122
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Part 2. Fallacies and Other Rhetorical Devices
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Chapter 4 Persuasion Through Rhetoric 124
Rhetorical Devices and Techniques 125
Euphemisms and Dysphemisms 125
Rhetorical Comparisons Definitions and Explanations 128
Stereotypes 130
Innuendo 131
Laded Questions 133
Weaselers 134
Downplayers 136
Horse Laugh Ridicule Sarcasm 138
Hyperbole 139
Proof Surrogates 140
Recap 141
Exercises 141
Writing Exercises 151
Psychological and Related fallacies 151
The Rush Limbaugh Fallacy: The Argument from Outrage 153
Scare Tactics 156
Other Fallacies Based on Emotions 157
Rationalizing 161
Everyone 161
Relativism 164
Two Wrongs Make a Right 166
Red Herring Smoke Screen 166
Recap 170
Exercises 171
Writing Exercises 179
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Chapter 6 More fallacies 181
The Ad Hominem Fallacy 181
Personal Attack Ad Hominem 182
The Inconsistency Ad Hominem 182
Circumstantial Ad Hominem 183
Poisoning the Well 184
Genetic Fallacy 184
Positive Ad Hominem Fallacies 185
Straw Man 186
False Dilemma 187
Perfectionist Fallacy 191
Line Drawing Fallacy 191
Slippery Slope 192
Misplacing the Burden of Proof 193
Begging the Question 197
Recap 199
Exercises 200
Writing Exercises 225
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Part 3 Arguments
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Chapter 7 The Anatomy and Varieties of Arguments 226
Good and Bad Valid and Invalid Strong and Weak 235
Deduction and Induction 238
Unstated Premises 241
Identifying Unstated Premises 243
Techniques for Understanding Arguments 246
Clarifying an Arguments Structure 247
Distinguishing Arguments form Window Dressing 250
Evaluation Arguments 251
Do the Premises Support the Conclusion 252
Are the Premises Reasonable 252
Recap 253
Additional Exercises 254
Writing Exercises 260
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Chapter 8 Deductive Arguments I: Categorical Logic 261
Categorical Claims 262
Venn Diagrams 263
Translation int Standard Form 264
The Square of Opposition 269
Three Categorical Operations 272
Conversion 272
Subversion 273
Contraposition 274
Categorical Syllogisms 281
The Venn Diagram Method of Testing for Validity283
Categorical Syllogisms with Unstated Premises 288
Real Life Syllogisms 290
The Rules Method of Testing for Validity293
Recap 296
Additional Exercises 296
Writing Exercises 305
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Chapter 9 Deductive Arguments II: Truth Functional Logic
Truth Tables and the Truth Functional Symbols 307
Claim Variables 307
Truth Tables 307
Symbolizing Compound Claims 314
Truth Functional Arguments 322
Deductions 331
Group I Rules: Elementary Valid Argument Patterns 331
Group II Rules: Truth of Functional Equivalences 337
Conditional Proof 344
Recap 348
Additional Exercises 349
Writing Exercises 356
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Chapter 11 Causal Arguments 394
Informal Causal Reasoning 395
Two Basic Patterns of Causal Reasoning 395
Relevant-Difference Reasoning 395
Common Thread Reasoning 397
Common Mistakes in Informal Causal Reasoning 399
Causation in Populations 407
Controlled Cause/Effect Experiments 409
Non experimental Cause/Effect Studies 414
Non experimental Effect/Cause Studies 416
Appeal to Anecdotal Evidence 417
Doubtful Causal Claims Hypotheses 426
Causal Explanations and Arguments 432
Explanations and Excuses 433
Recap 435
Additional Exercises 436
Writing Exercises 444
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Chapter 12 Moral Legal and Aesthetic Reasoning 443
Factual Issues and Nonfactual Issues 449
Getting an ought formation Is: factual Premises and Moral Value judgments 452
Consistency and Fairness 455
Major Perspectives in Moral Reasoning 459
Moral Deliberation 465
Legal Reasoning 469
Legal Reasoning and Moral Reasoning Compared 469
Two Types of Legal Studies: Justifying Laws and interpreting Laws 470
The Role of Precedent in Legal Reasoning 471
Aesthetic Reasoning 473
Eight Aesthetic Principles 473
Using Aesthetic Principles to Judge Aesthetic Value 475
Evaluating Aesthetic Criticism: Relevance and truth 477
Why Reason Aesthetically 479
Recap 481
Additional Exercises 482
Writing Exercises 485
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Appendix 1 Essays for Analysis and a Few Other Items A-1
Appendix 2 The Top Ten fallacies of All Time A-5
Appendix 3 Controversial Issues A-42
Glossary G-1
Answers Credits C Suggestions and Tips for Exercises Marked with a Triangle E-1
Index I-1
About the Authors Z-1
Edition Notes
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| January 15, 2024 | Edited by Daask | Change author |
| October 21, 2019 | Edited by Brittany Bunk | Edited without comment. |
| October 21, 2019 | Edited by Brittany Bunk | Edited without comment. |
| October 21, 2019 | Created by Brittany Bunk | Added new book. |